Nutrition

Question 1

The first part of the stomach that carries food from the mouth to the stomach

Answer 1

Esophagus

Question 2

Describe the pathway of food through the ruminant.

Answer 2

Mouth, esophagus, rumen, reticulum, omasum, abomasum, small intestine, large intestineq

Question 3

Describe the pathway of food through the non-ruminant

Answer 3

Mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, cecum, large intestin

Question 4

Describe the pathway of food through a chicken.

Answer 4

Mouth, esophagus, crop, proventriculus, gizzard, small intestine, ceca, large intestine

Question 5

Receives chewed feedstuffs via the esophagus and secretes hydrochloric acid and enzymes thtat help break down food into small particles. Some particles are absorbed into the bloodstream. Those not absorbed pass on to the small intestine through he pyloric valve.

Answer 5

Stomach

Question 6

A pouch-like structure of the ruminant stomach that looks like a honeycomb. Dense feed and heavy objects eaten collect here. Some metal objects that settle here can cause “hardware disease”

Answer 6

Reticulum

Question 7

The largest of the four compartments of the ruminant stomach that acts as a storage compartment for grass and feed. The environment here supports growth of microbes and allows for products of volatile fatty acids produced through the fermentation of feedstuffs.

Answer 7

Rumen

Question 8

A round structure in the ruminant stomach that is filled with many layers of tissue and functions to absorb water and other substances from digestion contents.

Answer 8

Omasum

Question 9

The “true stomach” of the ruminant that has glandular lining that secretes hydrochloric acid and digestive enzymes

Answer 9

Abomasum

Question 10

The majority of digestive processes occur here and nutrients are absorbed into the blood and lymphatic systems through vili. It receives secretions from the pancreas and gall bladder.

Answer 10

Small Intestine

Question 11

First region of the small intestine where secretions from the gall bladder and pancreas are added. Many enzymes are secreted here.

Answer 11

Duodenum

Question 12

The second and third regions of the small intestine, where the majority of nutrients are absorbed

Answer 12

Jejunum, Ilium

Question 13

At the beginning of the large intestine. Has little significance in ruminants, but in animals such as horses and rabbits, it plays a big role in digestion of fibrous feeds.

Answer 13

Cecum

Question 14

Undigested nutrients and secretions pass on to the large intestine from the ilium through the ______ _____.

Answer 14

Ileocecal Valve

Question 15

The final segment of the digestive tract made up of the cecum and colon whose main function is water absorption.

Answer 15

Large Intestine

Question 16

In poultry, this is located at the base of the esophagus and stores food and water.

Answer 16

Crop

Question 17

After the crop in poultry, food goes to this structure which is the glandular stomach where digestion primarily begins. Chemical digestion occurs here.

Answer 17

Proventriculus

Question 18

This part of the poultry digestive tract is where mechanical grinding of food occurs

Answer 18

ventriculus

Question 19

Fecal matter in poultry is eliminated through the ______.

Answer 19

cloaca

Question 20

What are the three regions of the large intestine?

Answer 20

Ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon

Question 21

What are the main microbes in the rumen?

Answer 21

Bacteria, fungi, protozoa

Question 22

What is unique about the cecum of the chicken? What is the function?

Answer 22

Poultry have paired ceca. The ceca absorm any remaining water and ferment any remaining coarse material

Question 23

What are the main functions of the small and large intestines?

Answer 23

Small- nutrient absorption

Large- Water absorption

Question 24

Where does fermentation occur in ruminants?

Answer 24

Rumen

Question 25

How does a ruminant and pseudoruminant foregut differ?

Answer 25

The ruminant has four chambers of their stomach, while the pseudoruminant has three esophageal diverticulums, C1, C2, and C3

Question 26

How is protein concentration calculated?

Answer 26

Set the standard curve equation equal to the sample absorbance. Set the equation to zero. Plug the values into the quadratic equation.

Question 27

What does a BCA assay do and measure?

Answer 27

It used BCA for the colorimetric detection and quanitation of proteins. It measures protein concentration in the rumen.

Question 28

What microbes and gases are found or produced in the rumen?

Answer 28

protozoa, fungi, and bacteria are in the rumen. Anaerobic fermentation results in the production of gases including carbon dioxide, methane, and trace amounts of hydrogen, oxygen, and dihydrogen sulfide.

Question 29

What is the mutual relationship between ruminants and the microorganisms that inhabit their foregut?

Answer 29

The rumen provides a site for anaerobic bacterial fermentation. The fermentation of carbohydrates produces 50% of the animal’s energy requirements through the production of volatile fatty acids (acetate, butyrate, and proprionate). Gases are also produced in this process.