Heart and ECG Flashcards
The cranial (top) portion of the heart that is the point of attachment for blood vessels entering and exiting the heart
Base
The pointed, caudal end of the heart and a region of the left ventricle
Apex
The artery leading from the aorta that traverses the surface of the heart and brings blood to the heart muscle
Coronary Artery
What are the three layers of the heart, from outside to inside?
Epicardium, myocardium, endocardium
The double walled connective tissue covering of the heart whose inner surface is attached to the heart
Epicardium
The muscle layer of the heart
Myocardium
The innermost layer of the heart wall with endothelial lining
Endocardium
Left and right appendages on the atria with pectinate muscles lining the interior
Auricles
Thin-walled chambers that receive blood from large veins
Atria
The wall that separates the two atria
Interatrial septum
Oval-shaped depression ventral to the entrance of the cranial vena cava inot the right atrium that was once a portal through which fetal blood by-passed the pulmonary circulation and flowed into the left side of the heart to be pumped to the body
Fossa ovalis
Thick walled chambers of the heart that force blood out of the heart into the major arteries
Ventricles
The ____ _____ pushes blood into the pulmonary trunk
Right Ventricle
The ____ ____ pushes blood into the aorta for circulation throughout the body. It has the thickest myocardium
Left Ventricle
In the ventricles, prevent the valve from everting into the atrium when the ventricle contracts and forces blood against the ventricular side of the valve
Chordae Tendinea
Muscular protrusions that anchor the chordae tendinae to the ventricle wall
Papillary Muscles
A cord that crosses the lumen of the right ventricle and is thought to prevent over distension of the right ventricle. It contains purkinje fibers that may act as an extension of the bundle branches in the conducting of electrical impulses
Trabecula Septomarginalis
This semilunar valve is located at the junction of the right ventricle and the pulmonary trunk and prevents blood from flowing back into the ventricle.
Pulmonary Valve
This semilunar valve is located at the junction of the left ventricle and the aorta
Aortic valve
This valve is between the right atrium and the right ventricle. Is it bicuspid or tricuspid?
Right AV valve
Tricuspid
This valve is between the left atrium and left ventricle. Is it bicuspid or tricuspid?
- Left AV valve
- Bicuspid
Large blood vessel that enters the right atrium
Vena cava
Large blood vessel that enters the left atrium
Pulmonary Vein
Large blood vessel that leave the right ventricle
Pulmonary artery
Large blood vessel that leaves the left ventricle
Aorta
What is the path of blood through the heart?
The measurement area in an ECG that begins and ends on the isoelectric line and corresponds to depolarization of the left and right atria.
P wave
The measurement area in an ECG that begins and ends on the isoelectric line from the start of Q wave to the end of S wave. It corresponds to depolarization of the left and right ventricles.
QRS complex
The measurement area in an ECG that begins and ends on the isoelectric line that corresponds to repolarization of the left and right ventricles
T wave
The measurement area in an ECG that is from the start of P wave to the start of the QRS complex. It represents the time of impulse conduction from the AV node to the ventricular myocardium.
P-R segment
The measurement area in an ECG that is from the peak of an R wave to the peak of a succeeding R wave and represents the time between two successive ventricular depolarizations.
R-R segment
On an ECG, where does ventricular systole occur?
From the peak of the QRS complex to just after the peak of the T wave
On an ECG, where does ventricular diastole occur?
From just after the peak of the T wave to the beginning of the QRS complex
What does ECG stand for and what does it measure?
- Electrocardiography (electrocardiogram)
- Measures electrical and mechanical activity of the heart
In an ECG, what is amplitude measured in?
mV
