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Animal Sciences 3200 > Brain and EEG > Flashcards

Brain and EEG Flashcards

1
Q

What does EEG stand for and how is it done? What is measured?

A
  • Electroencephalogram
  • Electrodes are placed on the scalp to detect electrical activity associated with functioning neurons. So, it is measuring the action potential of neurons
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2
Q

How are frequencies and amplitudes recorded in an EEG?

A
  • Frequency is measured in Hertz (Hz) and is defined by four different periodic rhythms: alpha, beta, delta, and theta
  • Amplitude is measured in microvolts and will vary depending on the synchrony or desynchrony of neuronal activity
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3
Q

How is EEG technology used?

A

To measure brain activity, which can indicate death, emotional state, sleep profiles, types of psychological profiles, mental activity, and response to stimuli

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4
Q

What three things composed the meninges of the brain?

A

dura mater, pia mater, arachnoid mater

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5
Q

Tough connective tissue layer that serves as the outer meninges of the meninges of the brain

A

Dura Mater

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6
Q

Innermost of the meninges layers of the brain that creates the blood brain barrier

A

Pia Mater

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7
Q

Grooves between the the gyri of the brain

A

sulci

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8
Q

The folds/ridges of the brain

A

Gyri

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9
Q

Bundles of myelinated axons within the brain and spinal cord; found in the inner portions of the cerebrum and outer regions of the spinal cord.

A

White matter

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10
Q

Areas of the brain and spinal cord containing cell bodies, dendrites, and unmyelinated axons; found in the cerebral cortex of the brain and inner portion of the spinal cord

A

Gray matter

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11
Q

Two hemispheres divided by the medial longitunidal fissure; largest portion of the mammalian brain

A

Cerebrum

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12
Q

The cerebrum is also called the ______ ______.

A

Cerebral cortex

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13
Q

Part of the brain that controls balance and muscle coordination located inferior to the cerebrum

A

Cerebellum

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14
Q

The Brain stem is continuous with the _____ ____ and includes what three things?

A
  • spinal cord

- Pons, midbrain, and medulla

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15
Q

What are the four lobes of the cerebrum? What is the function of each?

A
  1. Frontal - controls motor function
  2. Parietal - receives and processes somatic sensory information such as conscious perception and localization of pain, touch, and temperature
  3. Temporal Lobes - Received and process auditory sensations, behavior, and memory
  4. Occipital Lobe - receives and process sensations from the eyes
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16
Q

The _____ and _____ lobs are monitored in EEG.

A
  • Occipital

- Parietal

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17
Q

Contains cell bodies of neurons that synapse with neurons of the olfactory nerves. Olfactory is sense of _______.

A
  • Olfactory bulbs

- Smell

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18
Q

Crossing point of the optic nerves. X-shaped structure formed by the crossover of the right and left optic nerves.

A

-Optic Chiasm

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19
Q

Transfers visual information from the retina to vision centers of the brain via electrical impulses

A

Optic Nerve

20
Q

The pituitary gland is also called the _____ or _____ _____.

A
  • hypophysis

- endocrine gland

21
Q

This brain structure controls a number of endocrine glands

A

-Pituitary gland

22
Q

Part of the diencephalon, superior to the hypothalamus, serves as a sensory relay center. Most sensory nerves enter it and their impulses are sent to the appropriate cerebral region.

A

Thalamus

23
Q

Part of the diencephalon; inferior to the thalamus and responsible for regulation and maintenance of internal homeostasis by controlling body temperature, appetite, and fluid balance.

A

Hypothalamus

24
Q

A large band of nervous tissue that connects the the two cerebral hemispheres

A

Corpus callosum

25
Q

Describe the production and movement of cerebrospinal fluid.

A

The choroid plexus is a network of ependymal cells in the four ventricles of the brain. Each hemisphere has lateral ventricles, the first and second ventricles, that produce CSF. This travels to the third ventricle, then the fourth ventricle, which connects to the central canal of the spinal cord. CSF is also stored in the brain in the subarachnoid space in the meninges.

26
Q

Cavities in the brain filled with cerebrospinal fluid. What cells create this fluid?

A
  • Ventricles

- Ependymal cells

27
Q

Network of capillaries located in the roof of ventricles that contributes to the production of CSF.

A

Choroid Plexus

28
Q

Connected to the lower part of the brain and sends information to and from the brain.

A

Spinal cord

29
Q

The system of nerves that connect the central nervous system to the rest of the body.

A

Peripheral nerve

30
Q

Posterior portion of the cerebrum that receives and processes sensations from the eyes.

A

Occipital lobe

31
Q

The dorsal and middle part of the cerebrum that receives and processes somatic sensory information

A

Parietal Lobe

32
Q

The anterior portion of the brain which controls motor function

A

Frontal Lobe

33
Q

Receive and process auditory sensations, behavior, and memory

A

Temporal Lobe

34
Q

White matter of the cerebellum that forms a branched, tree-like pattern.

A

Arbor Vitae

35
Q

Region below the lateral ventricles that is involved with emotional states and converting short-term memory to long-term memory

A

Hippocampus

36
Q

Endocrine gland located in the roof of the third ventricle that secretes melatonin

A

Pineal Gland

37
Q

A thin, transparent membrane located inferior to the corpus callosum on each hemisphere

A

Septum Pellucidum

38
Q

Nerves and ganglia outside the brain and spinal cord.

A

Peripheral nerve

39
Q

The prominent EEG wave pattern of an adult that is awake but relaxed with eyes closed.

A

Alpha

40
Q

The EEG wave pattern in individuals who are alert and attentive to external stimuli, exert a specific mental effort, or are in a deep sleep.

A

Beta

41
Q

Low-frequency EEG patterns that increase during sleep

A

Delta an Theta

42
Q

THe ____ _____ is involved in autonomic function. It contains the midbrain, pons, and medulla and is the most primitive part of the brain. It contains centers that control basic body functions, such as breathing, cardiac function, and digestive tract function. It connects the rest of the brain with the spinal cord.

A

Brain stem

43
Q

The ____ ____ processes information relating to olfaction.

A

Pyriform lobe

44
Q

The _______ regulates the release of hormones from the pituitary gland by producing regulatory hormones.

A

Hypothalamus

45
Q

Fluid filled ______ take pressure off parts of the brain. They provide cushioning from external blows and a measure of internal structure

A

Ventricles

Animal Sciences 3200 (8 decks)

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