Brain and EEG Flashcards
What does EEG stand for and how is it done? What is measured?
- Electroencephalogram
- Electrodes are placed on the scalp to detect electrical activity associated with functioning neurons. So, it is measuring the action potential of neurons
How are frequencies and amplitudes recorded in an EEG?
- Frequency is measured in Hertz (Hz) and is defined by four different periodic rhythms: alpha, beta, delta, and theta
- Amplitude is measured in microvolts and will vary depending on the synchrony or desynchrony of neuronal activity
How is EEG technology used?
To measure brain activity, which can indicate death, emotional state, sleep profiles, types of psychological profiles, mental activity, and response to stimuli
What three things composed the meninges of the brain?
dura mater, pia mater, arachnoid mater
Tough connective tissue layer that serves as the outer meninges of the meninges of the brain
Dura Mater
Innermost of the meninges layers of the brain that creates the blood brain barrier
Pia Mater
Grooves between the the gyri of the brain
sulci
The folds/ridges of the brain
Gyri
Bundles of myelinated axons within the brain and spinal cord; found in the inner portions of the cerebrum and outer regions of the spinal cord.
White matter
Areas of the brain and spinal cord containing cell bodies, dendrites, and unmyelinated axons; found in the cerebral cortex of the brain and inner portion of the spinal cord
Gray matter
Two hemispheres divided by the medial longitunidal fissure; largest portion of the mammalian brain
Cerebrum
The cerebrum is also called the ______ ______.
Cerebral cortex
Part of the brain that controls balance and muscle coordination located inferior to the cerebrum
Cerebellum
The Brain stem is continuous with the _____ ____ and includes what three things?
- spinal cord
- Pons, midbrain, and medulla
What are the four lobes of the cerebrum? What is the function of each?
- Frontal - controls motor function
- Parietal - receives and processes somatic sensory information such as conscious perception and localization of pain, touch, and temperature
- Temporal Lobes - Received and process auditory sensations, behavior, and memory
- Occipital Lobe - receives and process sensations from the eyes
The _____ and _____ lobs are monitored in EEG.
- Occipital
- Parietal
Contains cell bodies of neurons that synapse with neurons of the olfactory nerves. Olfactory is sense of _______.
- Olfactory bulbs
- Smell
Crossing point of the optic nerves. X-shaped structure formed by the crossover of the right and left optic nerves.
-Optic Chiasm
Transfers visual information from the retina to vision centers of the brain via electrical impulses
Optic Nerve
The pituitary gland is also called the _____ or _____ _____.
- hypophysis
- endocrine gland
This brain structure controls a number of endocrine glands
-Pituitary gland
Part of the diencephalon, superior to the hypothalamus, serves as a sensory relay center. Most sensory nerves enter it and their impulses are sent to the appropriate cerebral region.
Thalamus
Part of the diencephalon; inferior to the thalamus and responsible for regulation and maintenance of internal homeostasis by controlling body temperature, appetite, and fluid balance.
Hypothalamus
A large band of nervous tissue that connects the the two cerebral hemispheres
Corpus callosum
Describe the production and movement of cerebrospinal fluid.
The choroid plexus is a network of ependymal cells in the four ventricles of the brain. Each hemisphere has lateral ventricles, the first and second ventricles, that produce CSF. This travels to the third ventricle, then the fourth ventricle, which connects to the central canal of the spinal cord. CSF is also stored in the brain in the subarachnoid space in the meninges.
Cavities in the brain filled with cerebrospinal fluid. What cells create this fluid?
- Ventricles
- Ependymal cells
Network of capillaries located in the roof of ventricles that contributes to the production of CSF.
Choroid Plexus
Connected to the lower part of the brain and sends information to and from the brain.
Spinal cord
The system of nerves that connect the central nervous system to the rest of the body.
Peripheral nerve
Posterior portion of the cerebrum that receives and processes sensations from the eyes.
Occipital lobe
The dorsal and middle part of the cerebrum that receives and processes somatic sensory information
Parietal Lobe
The anterior portion of the brain which controls motor function
Frontal Lobe
Receive and process auditory sensations, behavior, and memory
Temporal Lobe
White matter of the cerebellum that forms a branched, tree-like pattern.
Arbor Vitae
Region below the lateral ventricles that is involved with emotional states and converting short-term memory to long-term memory
Hippocampus
Endocrine gland located in the roof of the third ventricle that secretes melatonin
Pineal Gland
A thin, transparent membrane located inferior to the corpus callosum on each hemisphere
Septum Pellucidum
Nerves and ganglia outside the brain and spinal cord.
Peripheral nerve
The prominent EEG wave pattern of an adult that is awake but relaxed with eyes closed.
Alpha
The EEG wave pattern in individuals who are alert and attentive to external stimuli, exert a specific mental effort, or are in a deep sleep.
Beta
Low-frequency EEG patterns that increase during sleep
Delta an Theta
THe ____ _____ is involved in autonomic function. It contains the midbrain, pons, and medulla and is the most primitive part of the brain. It contains centers that control basic body functions, such as breathing, cardiac function, and digestive tract function. It connects the rest of the brain with the spinal cord.
Brain stem
The ____ ____ processes information relating to olfaction.
Pyriform lobe
The _______ regulates the release of hormones from the pituitary gland by producing regulatory hormones.
Hypothalamus
Fluid filled ______ take pressure off parts of the brain. They provide cushioning from external blows and a measure of internal structure
Ventricles
