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Royal College Exam > Nutrition > Flashcards

Nutrition Flashcards

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1
Q

When should skin-to-skin occur after birth?

A

Babies should have uninterrupted skin-to-skin with their mothers immediately after birth or until after the first feed

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2
Q

How long should babies be breastfed?

A

Exclusively x 6 mos, then up to 2 yrs and beyond with the introduction of complementary foods

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3
Q

Are formula companies allowed to advertise?

A

no! as part of the international code of marketing breast-milk substitutes, there is no advertising of products to the public / no free samples to mom / can’t idealize formula feeding (pictures)

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4
Q

In canada, how many babies are still breastfed at 6 mos?

A

approx 25%

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5
Q

Pacifiers - yes or no?

A

Hard to say
May decrease SIDS

Best to introduce after breastfeeding is established

The act of sucking on pacifier may be soothing to infant in NICU

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6
Q

Contraindications to breastfeeding

A

HIV positive

Receiving cytotoxic chemotherapy +/- radiation

Active TB

HSV on breast

Galactosemia (+/- PKU: should be on low phenylalanine formula)

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7
Q

What should you avoid doing while breastfeeding?

A

Drinking EtOH (passes freely into breastmilk)

Smoking

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8
Q

Nutrition issues frequently encountered in neurologically impaired children

A

GERD
Aspiration
Osteoporosis

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9
Q

How do you rehydrate someone with mild dehydration?

A

oral rehydration solution (50 mL/kg over 4 hrs)

replace ongoing losses

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10
Q

rehydration of someone with moderate dehydration?

A

oral rehydration solution (100 mL/kg over 4 hrs)

replace ongoing losses

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11
Q

how do you rehydrate someone with severe dehydration?

A

IV resuscitation (20 cc/kg x 1-3)

begin ORT when patient is stable

replace losses

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12
Q

What drinks are contraindicated in a patient with dehydration?

A

Plain water (can cause hyponatremia, hypoglycemia)

carbonated beverage and fruit juices are discouraged - high carb, low electrolytes

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13
Q

When do you need to supplement fluoride?

A

Drinking water contains < 0.3 ppm

Child does not brush BID

Child is high risk for caries

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14
Q

At what age would you start supplementing with fluoride (if needed)?

A

6 mos

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15
Q

What is the risk of too much fluoride?

A

Fluorosis (abnormal enamel development)

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16
Q

What fluoride level is a trade off between caries and fluorosis?

A

0.7 ppm

17
Q

What should you recommend as the first complementary foods?

A

Iron-rich foods (cereal, meat)

18
Q

By what age should a child have tried lumpy textures?

A

9 months

19
Q

What kind of cup should a child use with the introduction of complementary foods?

A

open cup, with help

20
Q

What are the recommendations for introducing cow’s milk?

A

3.25% (homogenized) milk until 2 yrs

delay until 9-12 months of age

limit to 750 mL (25 ounces) per day

21
Q

When can a child have honey?

A

> 1 yr

increased risk of botulism < 1 yr

22
Q

When can you use BMI as a measurement tool?

A

2 yrs and up

before that, use weight for height

23
Q

After what age is it abnormal to change growth percentiles on the WHO growth chart?

A

after age 3

24
Q

What is a medication that can stimulate appetite?

A

Cyproheptadine

25
Q

Bottle-fed infant with colic and concern for CMPA. What is one thing you could do?

A

Two week trial of hypoallergenic (extensively hydrolyzed formula)

26
Q

Breast-fed infant with severe colic and concern for CMPA. What are two things you could suggest?

A
  • Hypoallergenic diet (eliminate milk, egg, wheat and nut)

- Eliminate cow’s milk protein from maternal diet x 2 weeks

27
Q

Baby with congenital hypothyroidism taking a soy based formula. What should you do?

A

Monitor thyroxine levels closely, as the phytoestrogens can lower fT4 concentrations

28
Q

What type of CMPA is most common? (IgE mediated or non-IgE mediated)

A

IgE mediated (60%)

non-IgE mediated is 40%

29
Q

Child with CF on vitamins. Develops pseudotumour cerebrii. Why?

A

Hypervitaminosis A

30
Q

What is pellagra?

A

niacin deficiency

photosensitive dermatitis
diarrhea
dementia

31
Q

what is beri-beri?

A

thiamine deficiency

cardiomegaly
tachycardia
loud cry
cyanosis

32
Q

preterm milk has more…

A

nitrogen, fat, protein

33
Q

term milk has more….

A

carbs

34
Q

what type of protein is in breast milk, ratio?

A

whey 70%
casein 30%

(whey promotes gastric emptying)

35
Q

what types of protein are in cow’s milk, ratio?

A

whey 20%

casein 80%

36
Q

BMI percentile for overweight?

A

> = 85th

37
Q

BMI percentile for obesity

A

> = 97th

38
Q

formula for BMI

A

kg/m2

39
Q

Infant < 6 mos being fed goats milk. What should you supplement?

A

folate

Royal College Exam (32 decks)

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