Nutrition Flashcards
What is Korsakoff psychosis?
6 major Sx?
Damaged pts of brain?
Chronic condition resulting from thiamine deficiency (a kind of dry beriberi):
1. anterograde amnesia
2. retrograde amnesia
3. confabulation
4. meager conversation content
5. lack of insight
6. apathy
dorsomedial thalamic nucleus and mamillary bodies damaged
(When combined w/ episodes of ophthalmoplegia, confusion, and ataxia, it is called Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome).
What is the difference between dry beriberi and wet beriberi?
Both result from thiamine deficiency.
Dry beriberi: polyneuritis, symmetrical muscle wasting.
Wet beriberi: dilated cardiomyopathy (hi-output ht. failure) and edema.
What are the 2 C’s of Vit B2 (riboflavin deficiency?
Cheilosis: inflam of lips and scaling/fissures at corner of mouth. Glossitis also.
Corneal vascularization
Which aa is niacin (B3) derived from?
What vitamin is a necessary cofactor for its production?
Trp
B6 (pyroxine)
What is the role of Vit B5 (pantothenic acid) in metabbolism?
It is a component of Coenzyme A.
3 enzymes for which thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP) is a cofactor (and their corresponding metabolic cycle).
pyruvate d.h.
α-ketoglutarate d.h. (TCA)
transketolase (HMP shunt - reversible rxns)
What syndrome is caused by with niacin deficiency? Sx?
Pellagra. Sx: 3 D’s: Diarrhea, Dermatitis, Dementia.
What 2 disease states can cause niacin deficiency and how?
What drug?
Hartnup disease: aa malabsorption and excretion in urine.
carcinoid: uses up Trp making excess 5-HT
INH: interferes with Vit B6 function
What neurotransmitter is deficient in B6 deficiency? What are the Sx?
GABA deficiency leads to convulsions, hyperirritability and peripheral neuropathy.
Effect of folate deficiency in:
- fetus
- child
- adult
- neural tube defects
- growth retardation
- megaloblastic anemia
how does niacin treat type III hyperlipoproteinemia?
inhibits lipolysis in adipocytes, lowering free lipids.
Megaloblastic anemia with neurological Sx
B12 deficiency or orotic aciduria
What are the 3 main functions of Vit C (other than as an antioxidant)?
- facilitates Fe absorption by keeping it reduced to the ferrous (Fe 2+) form.
- necessary for hyroxylation of Lys and Pro in collagen synthesis.
- necessary for dopamine β-hydroxylase, which converts dopamine to NE.
Sx of hypervitaminosis D?
What disease is this seen in?
hypercalcemia and hypercalciuria, stupor, and loss of appetite.
seen in sarcoidosis.
What vitamin deficiency is characterized by demyelination of the posterior column and spinocerebellar tracts, muscle weakness, and hemolytic anemia?
Vit E
