Cramming 4 Flashcards
A valiant knight develops vomiting, garlic odor breath, and rice-water stools after drinking a potion concocted by his arch enemy, the dark wizard. What substance was in this potion and what is its mechanism of action?
arsenic; inhibits lipoate, thereby inhibiting glycolysis and the TCA cycle.
(Arsenic can also be found in some electronics, pesticides, herbicides, and contaminated groundwater.)
What enzyme deficiency can cause hemolytic anemia of the newborn? Inheritance pattern?
PK; AR
Which are the two purely ketogenic aa’s?
Lysine and Leucine
Which enzyme of gluconeogenesis requires GTP? Where is this enzyme found?
PEP carboxykinase; cytosol
What reaction in the TCA cycle produces GTP?
succinyl CoA –> succinate via succinate thiokinase
What is the difference between odd- and even-chain FA’s w/ regard to gluconeogenesis?
OCFAs can participate in gluconeogenesis and ECFAs can’t.
How can odd-chain FAs produce new glucose?
Propionyl-CoA->->succinyl-CoA->->OAA
How does the oxidation of FAs produce ATP?
β-oxidation yields NADH, FADH2, and acetyl-CoA
What 2 things does the HMP shunt provide?
NADPH and ribonucleotides
What processes is NADPH necerssary for?
FA and cholesterol synthesis, drug metabolism (glutathione), prevention of oxidative damage (RBCs), and the respiratory burst.
NADPH oxidase deficiency causes _______.
Chronic granulomatous disease - phagocytes can ingest microbes but can’t kill them
Pts w/ chronic granulomatous disease are at increased risk for infection w/ _______ species, such as _______ and _______.
catalase (+); S. aureus; Aspergillus
Pt. w/ recurrent Candida infections. NΦs turn blue (+ result) on nitroblue tetrazolium test during respiratory burst. What could this pt’s Dx be?
MPO deficiency
Which 2 aa’s are essential only during growth?
Arg and His
What reaction does ornithine transcarbamoylase (OTC) catalyze?
ornithine + carbamoyl phosphate –> citrulline
