Nutrition

Question 1

When is G&D the most rapid?

Answer 1

Infancy (birth to 1 year)

Question 2

Good nutrition fosters…

Answer 2

physical growth, healthy immune system, cognitive, & emotional development

Question 3

Infants require a lot of _____. Therefore they are susceptible for what?

Answer 3

Infants have high protein requirements so particularly, susceptible to protein deficiency & malnutrition

Question 4

How do you know when an infant is ready for foods?

Answer 4

Developmental readiness is evident when an infant can lift head, sit with support, & turn head to indicate enough to eat.

Physiologic readiness occurs when an infant begin to produce enzymes capable of digesting complex carbohydrates & proteins other than milk protein.

Question 5

List some early eating disorders

Answer 5

Colic
Cleft palate or lip
Pyloric Stenosis 
Failure to thrive
Obesity

Question 6

What is Colic?

Answer 6

intermittent profuse crying lasting > 3 hours

usually resolves itself at 3 months of age.

etiology unknown: associated with overfeeding, feeding too quickly, swallowed air, or maternal or infant anxiety.

Question 7

388: What are 2 nursing interventions for colicky infants?

Answer 7

Assess feeding practices

Assess mothers diet

Question 8

What is a Cleft Palate?

Answer 8

Congenital deformity
Opening in roof of the mouth
Cause may be hereditary or unknown.

Question 9

388: What are some nursing interventions for a cleft palate?

Answer 9

• Assess ability to feed based on extent and severity
• Encourage feeding every 3 hours & lasting less than (< ) 30 minutes
• Prevent aspirations by having baby in an upright position (head and chest slightly tilted backwards)
• Provide ongoing emotional & psychological support to family
• Surgery could be performed within the first 3 months of life for cleft lip & between 6 to 24 months for cleft palate

Question 10

What is Pyloric Stenosis? and what does it result in?

Answer 10

GI obstructive anomaly in neonates
(narrowing of the pyloric opening)

Resulting in projectile vomiting within 30 minutes of feeding,
Weight loss, dehydration, and poor nutritional status.

Question 11

388: What are nursing interventions for Pyloric Stenosis?

Answer 11

fluid & electrolyte balance as pre-requisite to surgery

Post-operatively, infant is given glucose water then advanced to full-strength formula as tolerated, after which infant breast-fed if desired

Question 12

What is Failure to Thrive? What is the cause?

Answer 12

inadequate gain in weight and/ or height in comparison with growth standards

multiple causes: disorders of CNS, endocrine system, congenital defects, intestinal obstruction, complication of LBW, emotional deprivation, poverty & food shortages.

Question 13

388: What are some nursing interventions for infants who Fail to Thrive?

Answer 13

Assessment of cause or causes must first be identified to determine medical condition or factors in the environment

Nutrition therapy depends on the infant’s age and stage of development

Appropriate stimulation

Question 14

How do we measure if someone is obese?

Answer 14

BMI
Normal weight = 18.5-24.9
Overweight = 25-29.9
Obesity = BMI of 30 or greater

Question 15

Why is obesity a 0-5 issue?

Answer 15

Assess for early onset and initiate prevention strategies

Early intervention in this period can alter risk for obesity & chronic disease in childhood & throughout life span

Question 16

What is the Genetic Link to childhood obesity?

Answer 16

multifunctional conditions related to sedentary lifestyle. Too much food intake and choice of food potentially after genetic make-up

Question 17

What is the Behavioural link to childhood obesity?

Answer 17

Children will more likely choose healthier foods if they are offered to them at young ages and in the home

Question 18

What is the Environmental Link to childhood obesity?

Answer 18

In homes where healthy food is not available or food choices are not healthy

Question 19

What are overweight children at greater risk for?

Answer 19

Obstructive sleep apnea
GERD (gastroesophageal reflux disease)
Impaired balance & joint problems
Social isolation & teasing
Low self esteem & depression
Asthma?

Question 20

What health issues are overweight children at risk for?

Answer 20

^Cardiovascular disease
^Diabetes type 2
^Musculoskeletal disorders 
^Cancers-endometrial, cervical & colon
^Infertility 
^Premature death & disability

Question 21

Anticipatory guidance: 5-2-1-0

Answer 21

“5 a day” fruits and vegetables
Less than 2 hr/day of screen time
At least 1 hour of moderate activity each day
No sweet drinks or high caloric foods