Nutrition Flashcards
When is G&D the most rapid?
Infancy (birth to 1 year)
Good nutrition fosters…
physical growth, healthy immune system, cognitive, & emotional development
Infants require a lot of _____. Therefore they are susceptible for what?
Infants have high protein requirements so particularly, susceptible to protein deficiency & malnutrition
How do you know when an infant is ready for foods?
Developmental readiness is evident when an infant can lift head, sit with support, & turn head to indicate enough to eat.
Physiologic readiness occurs when an infant begin to produce enzymes capable of digesting complex carbohydrates & proteins other than milk protein.
List some early eating disorders
Colic Cleft palate or lip Pyloric Stenosis Failure to thrive Obesity
What is Colic?
intermittent profuse crying lasting > 3 hours
usually resolves itself at 3 months of age.
etiology unknown: associated with overfeeding, feeding too quickly, swallowed air, or maternal or infant anxiety.
388: What are 2 nursing interventions for colicky infants?
Assess feeding practices
Assess mothers diet
What is a Cleft Palate?
Congenital deformity
Opening in roof of the mouth
Cause may be hereditary or unknown.
388: What are some nursing interventions for a cleft palate?
- Assess ability to feed based on extent and severity
- Encourage feeding every 3 hours & lasting less than (< ) 30 minutes
- Prevent aspirations by having baby in an upright position (head and chest slightly tilted backwards)
- Provide ongoing emotional & psychological support to family
- Surgery could be performed within the first 3 months of life for cleft lip & between 6 to 24 months for cleft palate
What is Pyloric Stenosis? and what does it result in?
GI obstructive anomaly in neonates
(narrowing of the pyloric opening)
Resulting in projectile vomiting within 30 minutes of feeding,
Weight loss, dehydration, and poor nutritional status.
388: What are nursing interventions for Pyloric Stenosis?
fluid & electrolyte balance as pre-requisite to surgery
Post-operatively, infant is given glucose water then advanced to full-strength formula as tolerated, after which infant breast-fed if desired
What is Failure to Thrive? What is the cause?
inadequate gain in weight and/ or height in comparison with growth standards
multiple causes: disorders of CNS, endocrine system, congenital defects, intestinal obstruction, complication of LBW, emotional deprivation, poverty & food shortages.
388: What are some nursing interventions for infants who Fail to Thrive?
Assessment of cause or causes must first be identified to determine medical condition or factors in the environment
Nutrition therapy depends on the infant’s age and stage of development
Appropriate stimulation
How do we measure if someone is obese?
BMI
Normal weight = 18.5-24.9
Overweight = 25-29.9
Obesity = BMI of 30 or greater
Why is obesity a 0-5 issue?
Assess for early onset and initiate prevention strategies
Early intervention in this period can alter risk for obesity & chronic disease in childhood & throughout life span
What is the Genetic Link to childhood obesity?
multifunctional conditions related to sedentary lifestyle. Too much food intake and choice of food potentially after genetic make-up
What is the Behavioural link to childhood obesity?
Children will more likely choose healthier foods if they are offered to them at young ages and in the home
What is the Environmental Link to childhood obesity?
In homes where healthy food is not available or food choices are not healthy
What are overweight children at greater risk for?
Obstructive sleep apnea GERD (gastroesophageal reflux disease) Impaired balance & joint problems Social isolation & teasing Low self esteem & depression Asthma?
What health issues are overweight children at risk for?
^Cardiovascular disease ^Diabetes type 2 ^Musculoskeletal disorders ^Cancers-endometrial, cervical & colon ^Infertility ^Premature death & disability
Anticipatory guidance: 5-2-1-0
“5 a day” fruits and vegetables
Less than 2 hr/day of screen time
At least 1 hour of moderate activity each day
No sweet drinks or high caloric foods
