Nutrition

Question 2

Define balanced diet

Answer 2

A diet that contains all the necessary biological molecules in the correct proportions

Question 3

What are the 5 food groups, as well as dietary fibre and water?

Answer 3

• protein
• lipids
• carbohydrates
• vitamins
• minerals

(water and dietary fibre must be included as well)

Question 4

What elements are carbohydrates made out of?

Answer 4

Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen

Question 5

What is the function of carbohydrates?

Answer 5

Provides a source of energy

Question 6

What are the 2 carbohydrate groups?

Answer 6

Simple sugars and complex carbs (starches)

Question 7

Examples of simple sugars

Answer 7

Glucose, fructose, sucrose

Question 8

Examples of complex carbohydrates

Answer 8

Starch, glycogen, cellulose

Question 9

What are carbohydrates broken down by?

Answer 9

Carbohydrases such as amylase

Question 10

What are carbohydrates broken down into?

Answer 10

Simple sugars

Question 11

What are some sources of simple sugars?

Answer 11

White bread, dairy products and refined sugars such as candy

Question 12

Sources of complex carbohydrates

Answer 12

Pasta, potatoes, rice, brown bread

Question 13

Function of protein

Answer 13

Required for the growth and repair of body tissues

Question 14

What enzyme are proteins broken down by?

Answer 14

Protease

Question 15

What do proteins break down into?

Answer 15

Amino acids

Question 16

What are some sources of protein?

Answer 16

Meat, fish, eggs, spinach, beans, nuts

Question 17

Function of lipids

Answer 17

Required for insulation and as a long term source of energy as well as being used in cell membrane

Question 18

What enzyme breaks down lipids?

Answer 18

Lipase

Question 19

What do lipids break down into?

Answer 19

Glycerol and 3 fatty acids

Question 20

What are some sources of lipids?

Answer 20

Butters, oils, dairy products, eggs, fish

Question 21

What is the function of dietary fibre?

Answer 21

Indigestible plant matter that provides roughage for the digestive tract to push against during peristalsis

Question 22

What are some sources of fibre?

Answer 22

Fresh fruits, raw vegetables, whole grains

Question 23

What is the function of vitamin A in the body?

Answer 23

Required to produce a light-sensitive chemical in the retina and protect the surface of the eye

Question 24

What is the effect of vitamin A deficiency?

Answer 24

Night-blindness, damaged cornea of the eye

Question 25

Vitamin A sources

Answer 25

Fish liver oils, margarine, butter and carrots

Question 26

Vitamin C function

Answer 26

Required to make fibres of the body called connecting tissues that create lining tissues such as gums

Question 27

Vitamin C sources

Answer 27

Fresh fruit and veg, citrus

Question 28

What is the effect of vitamin C deficiency?

Answer 28

Scurvy

Question 29

What is the function of vitamin D?

Answer 29

Helps absorb calcium and phosphate to promote the growth of bones

Question 30

What are some sources of vitamin D?

Answer 30

Fish liver oils, sunlight

Question 31

What is the effect of vitamin D deficiency?

Answer 31

Rickets, poor teeth and bone health

Question 32

What is the function of calcium?

Answer 32

Used to make teeth and bones

Question 33

Effect of calcium deficiency

Answer 33

Rickets, poor bone and teeth development

Question 34

Calcium sources

Answer 34

Dairy products, fish and fresh vegetables

Question 35

What is the function of iron?

Answer 35

Needed for haemoglobin in red blood cells and plays a vital role in the blood’s ability to transport and absorb oxygen in the body

Question 36

Sources of iron

Answer 36

Red meat, liver, eggs

Question 37

What is the function of water in the body?

Answer 37

Necessary for blood plasma, lubrication of joints, maintaining normal body temperature and transporting excretion