Genetics

Question 1

Genetic variation

Answer 1

Characteristics that are inherited, caused by genes from both our parents

Question 2

Examples of genetic variation

Answer 2

Eye colour, natural hair colour, blood group

Question 3

Environmental variation

Answer 3

Characteristics caused by the surroundings around an organism

Question 4

Examples of environmental variation

Answer 4

Length of hair, sunburn

Question 5

Mixed variation (genetic & environmental variation)

Answer 5

Characteristics caused by a mix of both genetics and environment

Question 6

Examples of mixed variation

Answer 6

Height, weight, handspan

Question 7

Monogenic traits are usually………. are displayed with a …….. ……..

Answer 7

Monogenic traits are usually discrete (easily put into groups or categories) and are displayed with a bar chart

Question 8

Polygenic traits

Answer 8

Traits caused by several genes ( not very easily put into categories)

Question 9

Polygenic traits are usually………. and are displayed with a …………..

Answer 9

Polygenic traits are usually continuous (cannot be placed into distinct categories) and are displayed with a histogram

Question 10

Discrete variation

Answer 10

Data that can be easily placed into distinct groups or categories

Question 11

Continuous variation

Answer 11

Data that cannot be placed into distinct groups or categories, with values being placed in a range between two extremes

Question 12

Order of the genetic structure

Answer 12

Cell, nucleus, chromosome, DNA molecule, gene, allele

Question 13

Chromosome

Answer 13

Found within the nucleus and have a molecule of DNA a wrapped up inside of them

Question 14

Gene

Answer 14

A short section of DNA

Question 15

Each gene code is used to make …….. ……. ….. …. …..

Answer 15

Each gene code is used to make specific protiens in the body, which create different cell types

Question 16

DNA stands for ……………… …….

Answer 16

Deoxyribonucleic acid

Question 17

Why do chromosomes exist in pairs?

Answer 17

One chromosome is inherited from each parent

Question 18

How many chromosomes do humans have in each cell?

Answer 18

46 chromosomes or 23 pairs

Question 19

How are characteristics inherited?

Answer 19

During fertilisation, the nuclei of the egg and sperm fuse together. In each gamete, there is an incomplete set of 23 chromosomes and when these fuse, they create a zygote of 46 chromosomes which will develop into an embryo of a genetic mix of both the mother and father.

Question 20

Why is the 23rd pair of chromosomes so important?

Answer 20

It determines the sex of the human. If there are 2 X chromosomes in the final pair, it’s a female. If there is one X and one Y chromosome in the final pair, it’s a boy.