Nutrition Flashcards
Substance in food needed for growth, maintenance and repair
Nutrients
Macronutrients
Carbs,Lipids,Proteins
Micronutrients
Vitamins minerals
Primarily from plants, such as starch (complex) in grains and veggies
Sugars (mono and disaccharides) simple carbs
Carbohydrates
Carbs contain
dietary fiber
() fiber: cellulose in fiber in veggies provides roughag for large intestine
() fiber: dissolves in water
insoluble
soluble
Used by most cells for ATP
Neurons and RBC relay almost entirely on this
Glucose
Stabilizes membranes: precursor of bile salts, steroid hormones
Cholesterol
Most abundant lipid form
SAT fat: meat, dairy foods, tropical oils
UN SAT fat: seeds,nuts,olive oil, vegg oils
Triglycerides
Two essential fatty acids it cannot synthesize
Linoleic: omega 6 fatty
Linolenic: omega 3 fatty
Fats: ()%
SAT fats()%
20-35
10
Proteins uses in the body (4)
Structural material
Functional molecules
Adequacy of caloric intake
Hormonal control
Water soluble vit
Fat soluble vit
B and C
A,D,E,K
7 minerals required for life
Calcium,Chlorine, Phosphorus,Potassium,Sulfur,Sodium,Magnesium
Minerals that harden bone
Calcium,Phosphorus,Magnesium
Major electrolytes in blood and for nerve/muscle function
Sodium,chloride,Potassium
Cellular respiration: breakdown of () in the form of ATP
3 steps
Glucose
Glycolysis
Krebs cycle
Electron transport chain
C6H12O6+6O2 ->
6co2+6h2o + energy (ATP)
Glycogen can be formed with excess glucose->
Breakdown of glycogen in response to low blood glucose->
Process of forming new glucose (occurs in liver)->
Glycogenesis
Glycogenolysis
Gluconeogenesis
Metabolic syndrome: 5 risk factors
High blood pressure
High blood glucose
High blood triglycerides
High waist circumference
Low blood HDL cholesterol
