Nutrition Flashcards
FDA requirement for supplements
safe, but does not determine effectiveness
what are the fat soluble vitamins
A, E, K, D
role of vitamin A
vision
role of vitamin E
antioxidant
role of vitamin K
required for synthesis of clotting factors
when may vit K need to be supplemented
warfarin (supratherapeutic INR)
infants
sign of deficient vitamin K
hemorrhagic disease
role of vitamin D
calcium absorption, bone health
what is required for Vit D activation?
which precursor is monitored?
2 hydroxylation to activate
25(OH)D is monitored
risk for vit D deficiency
limited sun exposure
kidney dysfunction
breastfed infant without supplementation
what vit D level is considered deficient
<12 ng/mL
what vit D level is considered inadequate
<20 ng/mL
what vit D level is considered toxic
> 50 ng/mL
preventative vit D dosing
600-1000U (15-25 mcg) QD
high dose VIt D treatment is used if
Vit D <12ng/mL, symptomatic, or concomitant hypocalcemia
high dose VIt D treatment dosing
50,000 U (1250 mcg) QW for 6-12 weeks
low dose vit D treatment is used if
levels 12-20 ng/mL without symptoms or concomitant hypocalcemia
low dose vit D treatment dosing
800-1000 U (20-25 mcg) QD for 3-4 months
not responding –> increase to 2000 U QD
maintenance dose of vit D
600-2000 U (15-50 mcg) QD
populations that may need higher vit D doses
obesity, malabsorption, gastrectomy
what are the water soluble vitamins
thiamine/B1, riboflavin/B2, niacin/B3, pyridoxine/B6, cyanocobalamin/B12, folate/B9, vitamin C
role of thiamine/B1
energy metabolism
major sign and risk factor for thiamine deficiency
wernicke’s
alcohol use disorder
role of riboflavin
component of 2 enzymes involved in energy production, cell function, growth, and development
role of niacin
energy and development/function of cells
sign of deficient niacin
pellagra
role of pyridoxin
various
signs of deficient B6
anemia, weakness, insomnia, cns dysfunction, peripheral neuropathy
role of cyanocobalamin
various
signs of deficient B12
megaloblastic anemia, peripheral neuropathy
role of folate
makes dna and genetic material
sign of deficient B9
megaloblastic anemia
risks for deficient B9
poor diet, alcoholism, malabsorptive disorder