Kidney I Flashcards
Normal SCr
0.5-1.2 mg/dL
Normal Cystatin C
0.5-1.2 mg/dL
BUN/SCr for decreased kidney perfusion
> 20:1
oliguria
UOP < 400 mL
anuria
UOP <50 mL
Normal albumin
< 30 mg/day
microalbuminuria
30-299 mg/day
macroalbuminura
> = 300 mg/day
What does the kidney do in hypovolemia?
What does urine volume, sodium and specific gravity look like?
preserve salt and water
«_space;urine volume, < urine sodium, > urine specific gravity (concentrated)
What does the kidney do in hypervolemia?
What does urine volume, sodium and specific gravity look like?
eliminates salt and water
» urine volume, > urine sodium, < urine specific gravity (diluted)
insensible, sweat, urine, loop diuretic urine
hypotonic fluid loss
loop diuretic urine, blood, vomiting diarrhea
isotonic fluid loss
clinical presentation of hypovolemia
tachycardia, hypotension, poor skin turgor, slow capillary refill, dry mucus membranes, orthostasis, cool extremities, low jugular venous pressure
clinical presentation of hypervolemia
hypertension, edema, weight gain, +JVD
D5W
hypotonic
0.45% NaCl
hypotonic
0.9% NaCl
isotonic
3% NaCl
hypertonic
Lactated ringers
isotonic
5% albumin
isotonic
NS D5W
isotonic
NS D5W w/ 20 mEq KCl
hypertonic
1/2 NS D5W
hypotonic
1/2 NS D5W w/ 20 mEq KCl
hypotonic
1/2 NS D5W w/ 40 mEq KCl
hypotonic
What are the bolus isotonic crystalloids and what are they used for?
Lactated ringers, plasma-lyte A, and NS
hemodynamic instability
Maintenance fluids infusion rate
30-35 mL/kg per day
give less than maintenance fluids
CKD, chronic liver disease, HF, liver disease
give more than maintenance fluids
dehydrated, hemodynamic shock
hyponatremia is defined as
Na < 135 mEq/L
drugs that cause hyponatremia
SSRIs, carbamazepine, opiates
symptoms of hyponatremia
HA > confusion > lethargy > coma
hypertonic hyponatremia is due to
hyperglycemia- sugar diluting Na
hyponatremia where TBW is increased
isovolemic hypotonic hyponatremia