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Fundamentals of Nursing > Nutrition > Flashcards

Nutrition Flashcards

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1
Q

What are some nutritional factors affecting infants-school age kids ?

A
  • rapid growth/dietary needs
  • breastfeeding/formula
  • choking concerns
  • nutrient dense foods
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2
Q

What are some nutritional factors affecting adolescents ?

A
  • energy needs
  • concerns of body image
  • fad diets/risk of eating disorders
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3
Q

What are some nutritional factors affecting young/middle adults ?

A
  • decrease in nutrient demand
  • obesity
  • pregnancy/lactation
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4
Q

What are some nutritional factors affecting older adults ?

A
  • changes in sense
  • oral health
  • therapeutic diets
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5
Q

What are some example foods in a clear liquid diet ?

A

only liquids that are clear and offer little daily calories and nutrients
- clear broth
- coffee & tea
- carbonated drinks
- clear fruit juice
- jello
- popsicles

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6
Q

What are some examples of foods in a full liquid diet ?

A

foods that are considered liquids or that will turn into liquids at room temp
- clear liquids
- smooth dairy products
- cream soups
- pureed veggies
- all fruit juices

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7
Q

What are some examples of a pureed (dysphagia) diet ?

A

foods that don’t require chewing
- clear/full liquids
- scrambled eggs
- pureed meats
- mashed potatoes
- thickened liquids

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8
Q

What are some examples of a mechanical soft diet ?

A
  • clear/full liquids
  • pureed foods
  • diced meats
  • flaked fish
  • cottage cheese
  • canned fruit
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9
Q

What are some examples of a low residue diet ?

A
  • low fiber
  • easily digested foods like pasta, moist meats
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10
Q

What is dysphagia ?

A

difficulty swallowing
- thickened liquids are easiest to swallow

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11
Q

What are some warning signs of dysphagia ?

A
  • coughing/change in voice after swallowing
  • abnormal movements of mouth/tongue/lips
  • uncoordinated speech
  • abnormal gag
  • pocketing food
  • drooling
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12
Q

Who can perform a screening for dysphagia ?

A

registered dietician or speech pathologist

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13
Q

What is enteral nutrition (EN) ?

A

providing patients nutrients into the GI tract via nasogastric (NGT), jejunal (JT), or gastric tube (GT)
- when patients can’t swallow and have a functioning GI tract

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14
Q

What are some feeding complications for enteral tube feedings ?

A
  • aspiration
  • diarrhea or constipation
  • tube occlusion or displacement (won’t know until it’s flushed)
  • cramping
  • delayed gastric emptying
  • electrolyte imbalances
  • fluid volume overload
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15
Q

What is Reglan used for ?

A

helps with peristalsis (gets things moving along in GI tract)

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16
Q

What is in a basic parentral nutrition (PN) formula ?

A

combo of amino acids, hypertonic dextrose, electrolytes, vitamins, and tract elements

17
Q

What is paraenetral nutrition ?

A

form of specialized nutrition support in which nutrients are provided intravenously (IV) or PIV
- often given to alcoholic patients

18
Q

What are fat emulsions ?

A

provides calories and fatty acids
- aka total parenteral nutrition (TPN)

19
Q

What are some special considerations with parenteral nutrition ?

A
  • first 24-48 hrs deliver 50% of estimated needs and then rate will be increased after that
  • label the different ports if there is multiple
  • always use an infusion pump & filter
  • inspect the solution for particulate matter
20
Q

What are some complications with parenteral nutrition catheters ?

A
  • catheter occlusion (partial or complete): if it’s sluggish or no flow then stop the infusion and follow protocol
  • change tubing q24 hrs
  • hang bag for only 24 hr; lipids 12 hrs
  • check to see if solution need a filter
21
Q

What are some parenteral nutrition metabolic complications ?

A
  • DO NOT TRY TO CATCH UP
  • electrolyte and mineral imbalances
  • hyperglycemia/hypoglycemia
  • dehydration
  • do not abruptly stop TPN (total parenteral nutrition)
22
Q

What are some interventions to prevent aspiration due to NGT (nasogastric) feeding ?

A
  • keep HOB up to 30-45 degrees at all times
  • measure gastric residual volumes q4-6 hrs
  • determine if pt is at high risk for aspiration
    -verify correct placement prior to use
  • stop feedings if aspiration occurs
  • administer metoclopramide (reglan) if ordered
  • monitor for nausea, vomiting, cramping, and diarrhea and tube occlusion
  • increase rate per order
23
Q

What are some interventions for impaired nutrition due to poor appetite ?

A
  • monitor food intake and record % eaten
  • offer small frequent meals
  • assist with ordering meals, and encouraging familiar foods
  • avoid mealtime interruption
  • calm, peaceful, pain-free, odor-free environment
  • provide rest periods before meals
  • teach importance of having good nutrition
24
Q

What are some interventions for potential aspiration due to impaired swallowing ?

A

monitor for:
- abnormal gagging
- cough during eating
- abnormal movements of mouth, tongue or lips
- encourage pt to use chin tuck when swallowing
- slow, weak, imprecise or uncoordinated speech
- delayed or absent trigger or swallow
- pt sit upright with HOB 30-45 degrees an hr after eating

25
Q

To reduce the risk of aspiration how long should the nurse keep the bed up 30 to 45 degrees after eating?

A

60 mins

26
Q

The nurse is preparing to insert a nasogastric tube in a patient who is semiconscious. To determine the length of the tube needed to be inserted, how should the nurse measure the tube? Place the landmarks in order.

A
  • nose
  • ear
  • xyphoid process
27
Q

The nurse evaluates which lab value to assess a patient’s potential for wound healing?

A

protein

28
Q

The nurse is caring for a client who will require enteral feedings for the next 8 weeks. Which type of line/tube is appropriate for this client ?

A

NG & G-tube

Fundamentals of Nursing (14 decks)

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