Acid Base

Question 1

What is pH ?

Answer 1

concentration of hydrogen (H+) ions

Question 2

What is the human body’s normal pH range ?

Answer 2

7.35-7.45

Question 3

What happens is the pH is lower and higher then 7.4 ?

Answer 3

• lower: acidosis
• higher: alkalosis

Question 4

What is the body’s normal carbon dioxide range ?

Answer 4

35-45 mmHg
- considered the acid (CO2)

Question 5

What is the body’s normal bicarbonate range ?

Answer 5

21-28 mEq/L
- considered the base (HCO3-)

Question 6

How does the body prevent major changes in pH ?

Answer 6

removing or releasing a hydrogen (H+) ions

Question 7

How do the kidneys maintain pH ?

Answer 7

• regulate bicarbonate in the ECF
• will retain or excrete H+ ions or HCO3 (bicarbonate) ions as needed

Question 8

How do the lungs maintain pH ?

Answer 8

• control CO2
• adjust rate and depth of ventilation in response to amount of CO2 in the blood
• rise in arterial blood CO2 stimulates respiration
• O2 content of arterial blood will stimulate respiration

Question 9

What does metabolic acidosis mean ?

Answer 9

decreased HCO3 or increase in other acids

Question 10

What does metabolic alkalosis mean ?

Answer 10

increased HCO3 and excess loss of acids

Question 11

What does respiratory acidosis mean ?

Answer 11

increased PaCO2 due to hypoventilation

Question 12

What does respiratory alkalosis mean ?

Answer 12

decreased PaCO2 due to hyperventilation

Question 13

What does a compensated pH range look like ?

Answer 13

7.35-7.45

Question 14

What does a uncompensated pH range look like ?

Answer 14

<7.35 or >7.45