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Fundamentals of Nursing > Medicine Administration > Flashcards

Medicine Administration Flashcards

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1
Q

What does the route of a med mean ?

A

how it enters the body

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2
Q

What does the absorption of a med mean ?

A

how it gets from the site into the bloodstream

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3
Q

What does the distribution of a med mean ?

A

how it gets from blood into cells, tissues or organs

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4
Q

What does action of a med mean ?

A

how does it alter the physiological functions of the body

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5
Q

What does the metabolism of a med mean ?

A

how does it get changed to prepare for excretion

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6
Q

What does excretion of a med mean ?

A

how it exits the body

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7
Q

What does therapeutic effect mean ?

A

the expected affect (physiological response) of a med
- can have more than 1 therapeutic effect

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8
Q

What does side effects mean ?

A

unintended, secondary reactions to a drug
- usually not life-threatening

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9
Q

What does adverse effects mean ?

A

undesirable and potentially dangerous responses to a medication
- Ex.) seizures

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10
Q

What does toxic effect mean ?

A

specific risks and manifestations of toxicity
- develop when med accumulates in the blood

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11
Q

What does idiosyncratic reaction mean ?

A

abnormal/unexpected response to over or under reaction to a medication
- peculiar to an individual pt

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12
Q

What does an allergic reaction mean ?

A

hypersensitivity to a medication

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13
Q

What is a drug-drug interaction ?

A

when one medication modifies the action of another

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14
Q

What is a synergistic effect ?

A

combined effect of 2 meds is greater then the effect of the meds given separately

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15
Q

What does serum half-life mean ?

A

time for serum medication concentration to be halved through metabolism

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16
Q

What does onset mean ?

A

time it takes for a med to produce a response

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17
Q

What does peak mean ?

A

time at which a med reaches its highest effective concentration
- IV vs PO

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18
Q

What is trough level ?

A

lowest concentration of drug reached in the body after it falls from its peak level

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19
Q

What does duration of action mean ?

A

length of time the concentration of a drug in the blood or tissue is sufficient to elicit a response

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20
Q

What does plateau mean ?

A

blood serum concentration is reached and maintained

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21
Q

What are the 10 rights of med administration ?

A
  • right client: 2 identifiers (full name and DOB)
  • right drug: need order, match with MAR
  • right dose
  • right route
  • right time: institutional (each facility has different standards for what is considered “late”
  • right assessment (allergies, contraindications, VS, diet)
  • right documentation: after its given
  • right to refuse
  • right education
  • right evaluation
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22
Q

What do you do if a pt refuses a med ?

A

you educate the pt further as to why they should take the med and investigate further as to why they don’t want to take the med
- don’t just give up immediately

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23
Q

What does every medication order have to include ?

A
  • pt’s name
  • order date
  • med name
  • dose
  • route
  • time of administration
  • drug indication
  • and prescriber signature
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24
Q

What are important things about medication orders ?

A
  • prescriber can be physician, NP, or PA (physician assistant)
  • orders can be written (hand or electronic), verbal, or given by telephone
  • use of abbreviations can cause errors so use caution
  • don’t make any assumptions
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25
Q

What is a standing or routine order ?

A

administered until the dosage is changed or another medication is prescribed

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26
Q

What is a PRN order ?

A

given when the pt requires it

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27
Q

What is a single (one-time) order ?

A

given one time only for a specific reason

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28
Q

What is a STAT order ?

A

given immediately in a emergency
- within 30 mins

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29
Q

What is a now order ?

A

when a medication is needed right away
- not a STAT
- 30-60 mins

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30
Q

What is a prescription order ?

A

medication to be taken outside of the hospital

31
Q

What is the RN’s role in med administration ?

A
  • assess pt’s ability to self-administer
  • determine whether they should receive med (don’t just give because it’s ordered but evaluate them too and if something seems wrong then call for physician)
  • administer med correctly
  • closely monitor effects
  • DO NOT delegate task
32
Q

Why are avoiding interruptions important when administering medication ?

A

it can generate med errors

33
Q

What is the standard to ensure you have the right med ?

A

read labels at least 3 times and compare to MAR

34
Q

What is the RN’s role in medication errors ?

A
  • report all med errors (incident report and to provider)
  • have to report near misses too
  • documentation is required
  • incident report has to be accurate, factual of what occurred and what was done
35
Q

What are examples of enteral/oral med routes ?

A
  • sublingual and buccal
36
Q

What are examples of paraenteral med routes ?

A
  • IV, IM, Sub-Q, ID
37
Q

What are some factors affecting oral meds ?

A
  • convenience vs. tolerance
  • easy to give
  • often produces local or systemic effects
38
Q

What are some characteristics of injection meds ?

A
  • infection risk
  • needles
  • bleeding
  • rapid absorption
39
Q

What are some characteristics of skin/topical meds ?

A
  • painless
  • caution w/ abrasions/cuts
  • provides local effects
  • only apply to affected areas
40
Q

What is a characteristic of a transdermal med ?

A

(patch)
- prolonged systemic effects

41
Q

What is a characteristic of a mucous membrane med ?

A
  • sensitive
  • less pleasant
42
Q

What are characteristics of inhalation meds ?

A
  • rapid effect for local respiratory effect
  • potential serious side effects
43
Q

What is a caplet ?

A

coated for easier swallowing

44
Q

What is a capsule ?

A

powder, liquid or oil in gelatin shell

45
Q

What is a tablet ?

A

compressed powder

46
Q

What is a enteric coated med ?

A

dissolves in small intestine

47
Q

What is a time release med ?

A

granules with different coatings, or some tablets that dissolve slowly
- releases a steady amount of the med in your system for a period of time

48
Q

What is a lozenge ?

A

dissolves in mouth

49
Q

What is a elixir ?

A

mixed with water or alcohol and a sweetener

50
Q

What is a syrup med ?

A

sugar solution

51
Q

What is a suspension med ?

A

drug particles in a liquid medium

52
Q

What is a solution med ?

A

mixed in water
- can be sterile for dressing changed (normal saline) or for IM, SQ, or IV routes

53
Q

What is a lotion med form ?

A

liquid suspension for skin

54
Q

What is a ointment med ?

A

semisolid (salve another name)

55
Q

What is a paste ?

A

semisolid, but thicker than ointment
- slower absorption

56
Q

What is a transdermal disk or patch ?

A

semi-permeable membrane disk or patch with drug applied to skin
- avoids 1st pass effect
- no GI symptoms because you don’t ingest

57
Q

What is a suppository ?

A

solid drug mixed with gelatin that is inserted into body cavity to melt
- rectum or vagina

58
Q

What are spacers used for with inhalers ?

A

when pt’s unable to coordinate breaths
- can’t press button and at the same time breathe in med and hold breathe

59
Q

What do you need to use a pressurized metered-dose inhaler (pMDIs) ?

A

need sufficient hand strenth for use

60
Q

How are dry power inhalers (DPIs) used ?

A

activated by patient’s breath (pt inhales to get it out)
- requires deep inhalation to release med

61
Q

Why is the Z-track method used for IM injections ?

A

prevents tissue irritation caused by medication leaks into subcutaneous tissue
- prevent leakage of of med into SubQ tissue

62
Q

What are the landmarks for a deltoid injection ?

A

acromion process and axillary line
- 2 to 3 finger widths below acromion process
- potential for injury because of proximity to brachial artery and radial nerve

63
Q

For a deltoid injection what needle size do we use for adults and kids ?

A

do not use deltoid for kids younger than 3 yrs old
- adults: 1- 1.5 inches
- children: 0.5-1 in

64
Q

What are intradermal (ID) injections for ?

A

skin testing and for local anesthetics
- best sites are inner forearm or upper back
- almost parallel to pt’s skin and bavel faces up

65
Q

At what degrees do you administer a IM injection ?

A

90 degrees

66
Q

At what degree do you administer a ID (intradermal) injection ?

A

15 degrees

67
Q

What are SubQ injections for ?

A

for meds that are intended to absorb slowly
- this tissue is less vascular then muscle so its absorbed slowly
- rotate sites to avoid tissue damage
- do not aspirate for this injection

68
Q

At what degree do you administer SubQ injections ?

A
  • 45 degrees if you can pinch 1 inches of skin
  • 90 degrees if you can pinch 2 inches of skin
69
Q

What are IM injections administered for ?

A

deposits meds quickly into the muscle which is highly vascularized, so it absorbs rapidly
- aspirate for blood
- leave needle in for 10 secs to let med disperse

70
Q

Where are sublingual meds administered ?

A

under the tongue
- quickly absorbed through mucous membrane for systemic effects

71
Q

Where are buccal meds administered ?

A

toward the back of the mouth between to upper and lower molars and the cheek
- quickly absorbed through mucous membrane for systemic effects

72
Q

For liquid meds where should you measure for accuracy ?

A

base of meniscus
- not edges

73
Q

What are the landmarks for a ventrogluteal injection ?

A

head of greater trochanter and the anterior superior iliac spine

74
Q

What are the landmarks for a vastus lateralis injection ?

A

head of greater trochanter and the knee

Fundamentals of Nursing (14 decks)

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