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Fundamentals of Nursing > Bowel and Urinary Elimination > Flashcards

Bowel and Urinary Elimination Flashcards

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1
Q

What is impaction ?

A

when the stool gets stuck
- have to get a order to get it out

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2
Q

What are hemorrhoids ?

A

little bubbles that come out of your anus
- lining is swollen
- usually from pressure

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3
Q

How do laxatives work ?

A
  • bring water into poop to make it easier to get out
  • or stimulate the muscles to contract to get it out
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4
Q

For administering enema’s what position should they be in ?

A

left laying in sims position
- pad the bed really good so you don’t dirty the bed

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5
Q

What is the mechanism of action for tap water enema ?

A

hypotonic
- volume stimulates defecation
- do not repeat because of water toxicity (body soaks up the water really good) and fluid overload

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6
Q

What is the mechanisms of action of normal saline enema ?

A

isotonic
- volume stimulates peristalsis
- the safest type of enema

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7
Q

What is the mechanism of action of hypertonic/fleet enema ?

A

hypertonic
- it pulls fluid from the body causing rectal distension
- can cause dehydration
- 120-180 mL is the normal amount

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8
Q

What is the mechanism of action of soap suds enemas ?

A

it causes intestinal irritation and stimulates peristalsis
- only use castile soap
- carefully with pregnant and elderly pt’s

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9
Q

What is the mechanism of action of oil retention enemas ?

A

lubrication
- can retain for several hours

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10
Q

What is the mechanism of action of carminative enemas ?

A

used for gas
- varies by type
- reduces distention

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11
Q

What are the mechanism of action of medication enemas ?

A

varies depending on the type
- Kayexalate is used to decrease potassium levels
- do not use kayexalate for pt’s with hypokalemia

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12
Q

What type of feces are found in the jejunum ?

A

wet feces

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13
Q

What is bowel diversion ?

A

temporary or permanent surgical opening of the ileum (ileostomy) or colon (colostomy) pulled through the abdominal wall to create a stoma

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14
Q

What is the purpose of the ostomy pouch ?

A
  • protects the skin
  • contains fecal material
  • remains odor free
  • comfortable and inconspicuous
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15
Q

What are some nutritional considerations with an ostomy ?

A
  • low fiber foods for the first weeks
  • eat slowly and chew food completely
  • drink 10 to 12 glasses of water daily
  • patient may choose to avoid gassy foods
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16
Q

What is the purpose of the NG tube salem sump ?

A

decompression

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17
Q

What type of NG tube is for enteral feedings ?

A

Dobhoff
- small bore

18
Q

What type of NG tube is for compression ?

A

Sengstaken-Blakemore

19
Q

What type of NG tube is for lavage ?

A

larger bore

20
Q

How do we measure NG tube lengths ?

A
  • nose to earlobe to xyphoid
  • mark length with marker or tape
21
Q

How do you insert a NG tube ?

A
  • lubricate the whole NG tube
  • have pt. take sips of water or swallow while you insert the tube (push tube in while they swallow)
  • once you start to put it in don’t stop cause it can activate the gag reflex
  • have their head down since it opens up the airwards
22
Q

What is the best way to check for placement of a NG tube initially ?

A

X-Ray

23
Q

How do you maintain the NG tubing ?

A
  • flush with air to check patency per policy (often every 4 hrs)
  • frequent checking nasal mucosa and nose where tube is taped
  • frequent mouth care (gets dry often and still do mouth care)
  • sore throat management (spray/lozenge)
  • set up suction as ordered
24
Q

What is urinary retention ?

A

an accumulation of urine due to the inability of the bladder to empty

25
Q

What is a urinary tract infection ?

A

results from catheterization or procedure

26
Q

What is urinary incontinence ?

A

involuntary leakage of urine

27
Q

What is urinary diversion ?

A

diversion of urine to external source

28
Q

What is hemodialysis ?

A

a machine manually draws out the impurities out of the blood
- machine acts as the filter and then the “clean” blood gets put back into the patient

29
Q

What is peritoneal dialysis ?

A

a catheter that is inserted in the peritoneal to remove impurities from the blood
- has to be sterile

30
Q

What do you do if you unsuccessfully insert a Foley catheter on a patient with a vagina ?

A

can leave the sterile one in as a landmark and then try again fresh
- can’t just take it out and try again because the urethra has bacteria in it that shouldn’t go into the vagina

31
Q

What are indwelling catheters for ?

A

short-term use
- closed drainage system for urine

32
Q

What are retention catheters ?

A

commonly used postoperatively because of several lumens to allow for drainage of urine, irrigation of the bladder, and instillation of meds into bladder

33
Q

What are coude catheters for ?

A

for pt’s that have prostatic hyperplasia (enlargement)
- curved tip for easy insertion

34
Q

What are suprapubic catheters for ?

A

similar to indwelling catheters but put into surgical opening in abdomen rather than urethra

35
Q

What are condom catheters (external urine) ?

A

peeing into the condom
- take off each day, clean it, and put fresh one on
- has sticky adhesive
- doesn’t require sterile insertion technique

36
Q

What type of catheter doesn’t require any drainage system ?

A

straight catheter

37
Q

Where would you collect urine specimens when a pt is catheterized ?

A

from the catheter’s tubing between the bladder and collection bag
- not from bag because it goes through the tubing in the collection bag where it sits in a unclean environment

38
Q

When getting a urine sample do we use clean or sterile technique ?

A

use surgical asepsis when obtaining it, and transfer into a sterile cup

39
Q

What are some characteristics of a standard collection bag ?

A
  • has a large capacity
  • has to hung from a non-moveable part of the bed or wheelchair
  • have to keep bag below pt’s bladder
40
Q

What are some characteristics of a leg-bag drain ?

A
  • smaller in size and attaches directly to the pt
  • must be emptyied often

Fundamentals of Nursing (14 decks)

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