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Fundamentals 1 Ati Flashcards > Nutrition > Flashcards

Nutrition Flashcards

1
Q

Definition of digestion?

A

When the body breaks down food into simpler substances that can be used as nutrients or excreted as waste.

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2
Q

What is peristalsis?

A

Involuntary muscle contractions that moves food throughout the digestive system.

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3
Q

What is the esophagus?

A

It’s a tubular organ that connects the mouth to the stomach.

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4
Q

What is the stomach?

A

Sac like organ which holds food so it can be digested by acids and enzymes.

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5
Q

How long does food stay in the stomach after entering?

A

2-8 hours

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6
Q

What organs are involved in digestion?

A

The mouth, esophagus, stomach, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, and anis

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7
Q

Liver functions?

A

Filters toxins from the blood, produces bile.

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8
Q

Largest internal organ?

A

Liver

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9
Q

What does the bile produced by the liver break down?

A

Carbs, proteins, and fats

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10
Q

What stores, holds, and releases the bile produced by the liver whenever the body needs it?

A

The gallbladder

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11
Q

Definition of calories?

A

Energy stored within food that are used for processes of the body

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12
Q

What are the building blocks of a diet?

A

Macronutrients

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13
Q

What is required for optimal growth, development, and body function

A

Micronutrients

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14
Q

What’s considered the major building block of the body?

A

Protein

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15
Q

What is the chief enzyme and does what?

A

Breaks down protein

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16
Q

What are some sources of protein?

A

Beans, soy, nuts, meats, eggs, and fish.

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17
Q

What does the digestive system turn carbohydrates into?

A

Sugar

18
Q

What foods contain carbohydrates?

A

Vegetables, fruits, milk, nuts, grains, legumes, and seeds

19
Q

Carbs make how much of our daily diet?

A

45 - 65 %

20
Q

What is the glycemic index?

A

Carbohydrate-containing food’s ability to increase the body’s blood glucose level

21
Q

What essential nutrient helps absorb vitamins while providing a energy source?

A

Fats

22
Q

What types of fats should be avoided?

A

Trans and saturated fats

23
Q

Why should these fats be avoided?

A

The heart runs on the burning of fats, with bad fats or low-density lipoprotein (LDL’s) your heart doesn’t burn through fats like it should.

24
Q

Monounsaturated fats are what kind of fat?

A

Healthy fats! They are high-density lipoproteins (HDL’s).

25
Q

Where can you find monounsaturated fats?

A

Nuts, olives, olive oil, seeds, and avocados.

26
Q

What do HDL’s do?

A

Breaks down other unneeded cholesterol, this burning of the unneeded cholesterol is vital for the heart.

27
Q

What does cholesterol make?

A

Steroids

28
Q

What is a water-soluble vitamin?

A

A type of vitamin that is carried to the tissues of the body but are not stored in the body by fat.

29
Q

What is a fat-soluble vitamin?

A

A type of vitamin that is carried to the tissues of the body and are stored in the body (this occurs because they are absorbed by fats)

30
Q

What is warfarin

A

Medicine that thins blood to prevent blood clots

31
Q

Vitamin K can have a noticeable impact on what?

A

Blood clots

32
Q

How can omega-3 fatty acids increase heart health?

A

By reducing triglycerides and blood pressure

33
Q

What things should be avoided or limited in a renal diet?

A

Sodium, potassium, and phosphorus.
Processed meats.

34
Q

What things should be promoted when on a heart-healthy diet?

A

Controlling portions, eat more fruits and vegetables, eat more whole grains, limit LDL’s, eat more low-fat protein sources, decrease sodium intake, increased fiber intake

35
Q

How much sodium should an adult take a day?

A

No more than 2,300 mg of sodium a day (can be less depending on the person)

36
Q

What does a clear-liquid diet consist of?

A

Consists of only liquids that are clear and offer little daily calories. Doesn’t leave residue in GI tract.

37
Q

What is included in a clear-liquid diet?

A

Foods that partly or completely melt at room temp, tea, fruit juices without pulp, sports drinks.

38
Q

What is a puréed diet?

A

A diet consisting of only foods that don’t need chewed. (Yogurt, pudding, mashed potatoes, etc)

39
Q

On top of being soft and easy to chew, a soft diet should also be low in what?

A

Low in fiber

40
Q

What is aspiration?

A

When food enters the lungs when inhaling

41
Q

What is dysphagia?

A

Difficulty swallowing

Fundamentals 1 Ati Flashcards (15 decks)

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