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Animal Life & Food Safety > Nutrition > Flashcards

Nutrition Flashcards

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1
Q

What is swayback in sheep

A

Cu deficiency in mid to late pregnat ewes

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2
Q

What is white muscle disease

A

Deficiency in Se and/or Vit E

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3
Q

What is pining

A

Growth retardation from CO and/or Vit B12 deficiency

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4
Q

What are the 3 constituents of the organic fraction of DM

A

CHO, Proteins and Lipids

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5
Q

How do you get the ash fraction of a feed

A

Ignite at 550C

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6
Q

How do you estimate the crude protein content of a feed

A

Nitrogen content (N) x 6.25

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7
Q

What fraction is used to estimate the lipid content of a feed

A

Ether extract

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8
Q

How do you get the crude fiber of a feed

A

It is the residue from the ether extract boiled in acid and alkali

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9
Q

How do you calculate the nitrogen-free extracts

A

1000 - (moisture + ash + CP + EE + CF)

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10
Q

Neutral detergent fiber residue contains…

A

Lignin + cellulose + hemicellulose

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11
Q

Acid detergent fiber residue contains…

A

Lignin + cellulose

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12
Q

What is lignin

A

A non-CHO monomer highly resistant to degradation

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13
Q

What part of the plant makes up structural carbs

A

The fibrous fraction (the cell wall)

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14
Q

What part of the plant makes up non-structural carbs

A

The storage fraction (cell wall contents)

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15
Q

The structural carb fraction is primarily composed of…

A

Non-starch polysaccharides (cellulose, hemicellulose and pectin)

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16
Q

The non-structural carb fraction is primarily composed of…

A

Fructan and starch (mostly starch)

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17
Q

What makes up the WSC fraction

A

Fructan and simple sugars (glucose, fructose and sucrose)

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18
Q

Starch content is __ is forage and __ in cereal grains

A

Low, high

19
Q

Name 3 factors affecting NSC content and their effect on NSC

A
  1. Season (high in late spring/summer, low in early spring)
  2. Time of day (low in hours of darkness)
  3. Water (high in dryness, or low water)
20
Q

A loss of __ water can lead to death

A

15%

21
Q

How many essential amino acids in dogs and cats

A

10 in dogs, 11 in cats (taurine)

22
Q

When would you want to see a positive nitrogen balance

A

In pregnancy and young animals

23
Q

What are 2 essential fatty acids

A

Omega 3s and omega 6s

24
Q

What is BER

A

When an animal is at rest, in a thermo-neutral environment, and fasted

25
Q

What is RER

A

When an animal is at rest, in a thermo-neutral environment, and fed

26
Q

How do you calculate RER

A

70 x BW^0.75

27
Q

What is MER

A

RER + the energy required for a normal lifestyle

28
Q

How do you calculate MER

A

RER x 1.2-1.6

29
Q

What is DER

A

DER + energy required for the animal’s lifestyle to include exercise, pregnancy and lactation

30
Q

What are represented by the ash fraction of the diet

A

Minerals

31
Q

Soluble fiber is __ fermented, and insoluble fiber is ___ fermented

A

Quickly
Slowly

32
Q

What are 3 types of insoluble fiber

A

Cellulose, hemi-cellulose and lignin

33
Q

What are 5 essential amino acids for cats

A

Methionine, cysteine, arginine, carnitine, and taurine

34
Q

Why can’t cats utilize glucose for energy very well

A

They lack glucokinase

35
Q

How much protein in DM% does a cat need

A

More than 26%

36
Q

What is the most important water soluble vitamin for cats

A

Vitamin B12

37
Q

Why don’t cats need carotenoids in their diet

A

They cannot make vitamin A from them, so they just need preformed vitamin A

38
Q

More than __ over the optimal body weight is considered obese

A

20%

39
Q

List the moisture content of: wet, semi-moist and dry food

A

Wet: 75-85%
Semi-moist: 25-40%
Dry: less than 10%

40
Q

Which part of the pet food label contains the brand and product name, statement of intent and net weight

A

The principle display

41
Q

Which part of the pet food label contains the ingredient statement, analysis guarantee, product description and feeding guidelines

A

The statutory panel

42
Q

How do you calculate the DM content of a diet

A

100 - % moisture / 100

43
Q

How do you calculate the energy density of a diet on an as fed basis when given a DM basis

A

Energy density DM x DM content

Animal Life & Food Safety (9 decks)

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