Nutrition Flashcards
What is swayback in sheep
Cu deficiency in mid to late pregnat ewes
What is white muscle disease
Deficiency in Se and/or Vit E
What is pining
Growth retardation from CO and/or Vit B12 deficiency
What are the 3 constituents of the organic fraction of DM
CHO, Proteins and Lipids
How do you get the ash fraction of a feed
Ignite at 550C
How do you estimate the crude protein content of a feed
Nitrogen content (N) x 6.25
What fraction is used to estimate the lipid content of a feed
Ether extract
How do you get the crude fiber of a feed
It is the residue from the ether extract boiled in acid and alkali
How do you calculate the nitrogen-free extracts
1000 - (moisture + ash + CP + EE + CF)
Neutral detergent fiber residue contains…
Lignin + cellulose + hemicellulose
Acid detergent fiber residue contains…
Lignin + cellulose
What is lignin
A non-CHO monomer highly resistant to degradation
What part of the plant makes up structural carbs
The fibrous fraction (the cell wall)
What part of the plant makes up non-structural carbs
The storage fraction (cell wall contents)
The structural carb fraction is primarily composed of…
Non-starch polysaccharides (cellulose, hemicellulose and pectin)
The non-structural carb fraction is primarily composed of…
Fructan and starch (mostly starch)
What makes up the WSC fraction
Fructan and simple sugars (glucose, fructose and sucrose)
Starch content is __ is forage and __ in cereal grains
Low, high
Name 3 factors affecting NSC content and their effect on NSC
- Season (high in late spring/summer, low in early spring)
- Time of day (low in hours of darkness)
- Water (high in dryness, or low water)
A loss of __ water can lead to death
15%
How many essential amino acids in dogs and cats
10 in dogs, 11 in cats (taurine)
When would you want to see a positive nitrogen balance
In pregnancy and young animals
What are 2 essential fatty acids
Omega 3s and omega 6s
What is BER
When an animal is at rest, in a thermo-neutral environment, and fasted
What is RER
When an animal is at rest, in a thermo-neutral environment, and fed
How do you calculate RER
70 x BW^0.75
What is MER
RER + the energy required for a normal lifestyle
How do you calculate MER
RER x 1.2-1.6
What is DER
DER + energy required for the animal’s lifestyle to include exercise, pregnancy and lactation
What are represented by the ash fraction of the diet
Minerals
Soluble fiber is __ fermented, and insoluble fiber is ___ fermented
Quickly
Slowly
What are 3 types of insoluble fiber
Cellulose, hemi-cellulose and lignin
What are 5 essential amino acids for cats
Methionine, cysteine, arginine, carnitine, and taurine
Why can’t cats utilize glucose for energy very well
They lack glucokinase
How much protein in DM% does a cat need
More than 26%
What is the most important water soluble vitamin for cats
Vitamin B12
Why don’t cats need carotenoids in their diet
They cannot make vitamin A from them, so they just need preformed vitamin A
More than __ over the optimal body weight is considered obese
20%
List the moisture content of: wet, semi-moist and dry food
Wet: 75-85%
Semi-moist: 25-40%
Dry: less than 10%
Which part of the pet food label contains the brand and product name, statement of intent and net weight
The principle display
Which part of the pet food label contains the ingredient statement, analysis guarantee, product description and feeding guidelines
The statutory panel
How do you calculate the DM content of a diet
100 - % moisture / 100
How do you calculate the energy density of a diet on an as fed basis when given a DM basis
Energy density DM x DM content
