Animal Welfare

Question 1

What is ‘telos’

Answer 1

Each animal has an inherent genetically coded nature, and good welfare requires that an animal be allowed to live in accordance with this

Question 2

When did the EU and other countries officially recognize animals as sentient beings

Answer 2

1997

Question 3

Define animal welfare

Answer 3

The scientific conception of the measurable quality of state of animals life, and it exists on a continuum from very good to very poor

Question 4

When was the protection of animals act put in place

Answer 4

1911

Question 5

When did the Brambell report come out and what did it outline/initiate

Answer 5

1965, it accepted that animals can feel emotions and promoted scientific investigation of animal welfare

Question 6

What did the UK animal welfare act of 2006 achieve

Answer 6

It shifted the focus to what animals should have rather than the freedoms

Question 7

What is the difference between animal welfare science and ethics

Answer 7

Science - what is our impact on the animals
Ethics - how we should treat the animals

Question 8

Moral status of animals: position 1

Answer 8

Animals have no moral status or intrinsic value

Question 9

Moral status of animals: position 2

Answer 9

Animals have instrumental and extrinsic value

Question 10

Moral status of animals: position 3

Answer 10

Animals have intrinsic value

Question 11

Define ethics

Answer 11

A set of moral reactions or principles that guide a person’s actions

Question 12

Define consequentialism

Answer 12

The results of our actions determines whether it was right or wrong

Question 13

Define deontological ethics

Answer 13

Doing the right thing is more important than the outcome

Question 14

Define virtue ethics

Answer 14

It is based on being a particular type of person

Question 15

Define contractarian

Answer 15

Ethics based on self-interest where obligations arise from agreement or contracts between people

Question 16

Define utilitarian

Answer 16

Ethics based on the balance of benefits against the impacts

Question 17

Define respect for nature

Answer 17

Ethics based on the consequences for the whole species rather than an individual

Question 18

Define animal rights in the context of ethics

Answer 18

Fixed ethical rules that always apply regardless of the situation

Question 19

Define relational ethics

Answer 19

Context dependent ethical approach that depends on the relationship of the animal to ourself

Question 20

Define emotions

Answer 20

Affectively charged, subjectively experiences states of awareness

Question 21

What are the two pathways of the adrenal stress axes

Answer 21

1. Neural via the autonomic nervous system (fight and flight)
2. Hormonal via pituitary gland

Question 22

Define cognition

Answer 22

The mental action or process of acquiring knowledge and understanding, through thought, experience and the senses

Question 23

Define habituation

Answer 23

Learning not to respond to benign objects/situations

Question 24

Define sensitisation

Answer 24

Learning through exposure to pleasant/unpleasant stimuli

Question 25

Define positive reinforcement

Answer 25

Adding something to reward the behaviour

Question 26

Define negative reinforcement

Answer 26

Removing something aversive to reward the behaviour

Question 27

Define positve punishment

Answer 27

Adding aversive stimulus to punish behaviour

Question 28

Define negative punishment

Answer 28

Removing a reward to punish behaviour

Question 29

Define behavioural needs

Answer 29

Highly motivated behaviors relating to the survival/fitness traits in the species

Question 30

List 3 things that affect behavioural issues

Answer 30

1. Genetics
2. Developmental
3. Environmental

Question 31

What is the early socialization period for dogs

Answer 31

4-16 weeks

Question 32

What is the early socialization period for cats

Answer 32

2-7 weeks