Animal Welfare Flashcards
What is ‘telos’
Each animal has an inherent genetically coded nature, and good welfare requires that an animal be allowed to live in accordance with this
When did the EU and other countries officially recognize animals as sentient beings
1997
Define animal welfare
The scientific conception of the measurable quality of state of animals life, and it exists on a continuum from very good to very poor
When was the protection of animals act put in place
1911
When did the Brambell report come out and what did it outline/initiate
1965, it accepted that animals can feel emotions and promoted scientific investigation of animal welfare
What did the UK animal welfare act of 2006 achieve
It shifted the focus to what animals should have rather than the freedoms
What is the difference between animal welfare science and ethics
Science - what is our impact on the animals
Ethics - how we should treat the animals
Moral status of animals: position 1
Animals have no moral status or intrinsic value
Moral status of animals: position 2
Animals have instrumental and extrinsic value
Moral status of animals: position 3
Animals have intrinsic value
Define ethics
A set of moral reactions or principles that guide a person’s actions
Define consequentialism
The results of our actions determines whether it was right or wrong
Define deontological ethics
Doing the right thing is more important than the outcome
Define virtue ethics
It is based on being a particular type of person
Define contractarian
Ethics based on self-interest where obligations arise from agreement or contracts between people
Define utilitarian
Ethics based on the balance of benefits against the impacts
Define respect for nature
Ethics based on the consequences for the whole species rather than an individual
Define animal rights in the context of ethics
Fixed ethical rules that always apply regardless of the situation
Define relational ethics
Context dependent ethical approach that depends on the relationship of the animal to ourself
Define emotions
Affectively charged, subjectively experiences states of awareness
What are the two pathways of the adrenal stress axes
- Neural via the autonomic nervous system (fight and flight)
- Hormonal via pituitary gland
Define cognition
The mental action or process of acquiring knowledge and understanding, through thought, experience and the senses
Define habituation
Learning not to respond to benign objects/situations
Define sensitisation
Learning through exposure to pleasant/unpleasant stimuli
Define positive reinforcement
Adding something to reward the behaviour
Define negative reinforcement
Removing something aversive to reward the behaviour
Define positve punishment
Adding aversive stimulus to punish behaviour
Define negative punishment
Removing a reward to punish behaviour
Define behavioural needs
Highly motivated behaviors relating to the survival/fitness traits in the species
List 3 things that affect behavioural issues
- Genetics
- Developmental
- Environmental
What is the early socialization period for dogs
4-16 weeks
What is the early socialization period for cats
2-7 weeks
