EBVM Flashcards

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1
Q

List 3 ways of obtaining data

A
  1. Observation
  2. Clinical trials
  3. Using other peoples data
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2
Q

What is the difference between numerical discrete and numerical continuous data

A

Discrete is a definite number, continuous has decimals

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3
Q

What is the difference between a ratio and interval

A

Ratio cannot go below zero

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4
Q

What is the range of a data set

A

The difference between the smallest and biggest number

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5
Q

What is the inter quartile range of a data set

A

The difference between the number at 25% and the number at 75% of the data

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6
Q

What is the standard deviation

A

How much each number is different from the average

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7
Q

What is the confidence interval

A

The range in which you are (95%) sure contains the true answer

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8
Q

What is the P-value

A

The probability that the difference between x and y would still be big if they were actually the same (you want a low p value)

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9
Q

What is a type I error

A

When you reject the null hypothesis but it was actually true

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10
Q

What is a type II error

A

When you accept the null hypothesis but it was actually false

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11
Q

What is the power of a data set (definition and equation)

A

1 - beta
It is the probability that you notice a difference between two sets of data

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12
Q

What are the 3 subdivisions of mill’s canons of inductive reasoning

A
  1. Agreement
  2. Difference
  3. Concomitant variation
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13
Q

What is deduction vs induction

A

Deduction is general to specific
Induction is specific to general

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14
Q

What is the population at risk

A

The denominator in the measure of morbidity and mortality

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15
Q

What is prevalence

A

A static measure of a proportion of a population

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16
Q

What is incidence

A

A dynamic measure of a proportion of a population (measures incidence over a continuing period of time)

17
Q

How do you calculate cumulative incidence

A

CI = number diseased over a period / number of healthy animals at the start of that period

18
Q

How do you calculate the incidence rate

A

I = number of cases during a period / sum of the length of time all animals are at risk of developing disease

19
Q

What are the differences between cumulative incidence and incidence rate

A

CI predicts a populations and individual change in health status, but incidence predicts the speed of development of a disease in a population (not used for individuals)

20
Q

How do you calculate the survival rate

A

Number of cases - number of deaths / number of cases