EBVM Flashcards
List 3 ways of obtaining data
- Observation
- Clinical trials
- Using other peoples data
What is the difference between numerical discrete and numerical continuous data
Discrete is a definite number, continuous has decimals
What is the difference between a ratio and interval
Ratio cannot go below zero
What is the range of a data set
The difference between the smallest and biggest number
What is the inter quartile range of a data set
The difference between the number at 25% and the number at 75% of the data
What is the standard deviation
How much each number is different from the average
What is the confidence interval
The range in which you are (95%) sure contains the true answer
What is the P-value
The probability that the difference between x and y would still be big if they were actually the same (you want a low p value)
What is a type I error
When you reject the null hypothesis but it was actually true
What is a type II error
When you accept the null hypothesis but it was actually false
What is the power of a data set (definition and equation)
1 - beta
It is the probability that you notice a difference between two sets of data
What are the 3 subdivisions of mill’s canons of inductive reasoning
- Agreement
- Difference
- Concomitant variation
What is deduction vs induction
Deduction is general to specific
Induction is specific to general
What is the population at risk
The denominator in the measure of morbidity and mortality
What is prevalence
A static measure of a proportion of a population
What is incidence
A dynamic measure of a proportion of a population (measures incidence over a continuing period of time)
How do you calculate cumulative incidence
CI = number diseased over a period / number of healthy animals at the start of that period
How do you calculate the incidence rate
I = number of cases during a period / sum of the length of time all animals are at risk of developing disease
What are the differences between cumulative incidence and incidence rate
CI predicts a populations and individual change in health status, but incidence predicts the speed of development of a disease in a population (not used for individuals)
How do you calculate the survival rate
Number of cases - number of deaths / number of cases
