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Animal Life & Food Safety > Animal Husbandry: Exotics > Flashcards

Animal Husbandry: Exotics Flashcards

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1
Q

How do you distinguish between male and female budgerigars

A

Males: blue cere
Females: brown cere

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2
Q

How do you distinguish between male and female cockatiels

A

Males have bright orange cheek patches and yellow heads
Females have tail bars and grey heads

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3
Q

What are two commonly present species of amazons

A

Orange winged and blue fronted

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4
Q

How do you distinguish between male and female cockatoos

A

Male: black iris
Female: red iris

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5
Q

What is the most common color of parrot

A

Grey

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6
Q

How do you sex monomorphic species

A

DNA sexing on feather pulp

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7
Q

Why should perches be natural branches

A

It allows for increased blood flow to the feet and avoids the formation of pressure sores

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8
Q

What is the ideal floor covering for a pet bird cage

A

Newspaper

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9
Q

Name 3 infectious diseases affecting psittacine’s

A
  1. Psittacine beak and feather disease (PBFD)
  2. Avian borna virus (ABV)
  3. Chlamydia
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10
Q

Why should you not provide a high perch for a parrot in indoor housing

A

They can see it as a position of authority and this can lead to aggression

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11
Q

How can birds be identified

A

By a closed or split ring OR microchip placement in the left pectoral muscle

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12
Q

How many hours a day of UV lamp exposure do pet birds need

A

4 or more hours

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13
Q

Which psittacine species have an increased incidence of hypocalcaemia and osteodystrophy compared to other species

A

Grey parrots

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14
Q

Which species of psittacine do you commonly see iodine deficiency

A

Budgerigars

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15
Q

Which tools can you use for a claw trim

A

Canine nail clippers or a dremmel

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16
Q

List 3 causes of nutritional secondary hyperparathyroidism in psittacine

A
  1. Lack of Ca
  2. Lack of vitamin D
  3. Lack of UV light (natural of artificial)
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17
Q

What is different about perching birds (passerines) from other birds

A

Their BM is 50% higher and their body temperature is 2 degrees higher

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18
Q

What do hardbill birds (finches) eat

A

Grains (they are granivorous)

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19
Q

What do softbilled birds eat

A

Fruit, insects and invertebrates

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20
Q

What is haemosiderosis

A

Iron accumulation in cells but no toxicity

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21
Q

What is haemochromatosis

A

Iron accumulation and impaired function leading to toxicity

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22
Q

What should the iron content of passerine’s diets be limited to

A

Less than 70ppm

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23
Q

How can you limit iron uptake in passerine’s

A

Adding tannins to the diet and avoiding items high in ascorbic acid

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24
Q

What do pigeons and doves eat

A

Beans, pulses and corn

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25
Q

What is the basic 4 step pattern to raptor training

A
  1. Manning
  2. Early training
  3. Fitness
  4. Hunting
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26
Q

What is the most commonly presented species of Hawk

A

The harris hawk

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27
Q

How should you present food to waterfowl to stimulate appetite

A

Floating on the water in a bowl

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28
Q

Where is the food deposited in diurnal raptors vs owls

A

Diurnal: the crop
Owls: down the esophagus into the proventriculus

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29
Q

What is the CP content of: chick crumbs, grower pellets, and maintenance diets

A

20%
16%
14%

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30
Q

Feeding waterfowl over __ of crude protein can lead to growth deformities

A

16%

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31
Q

What influences raptors feeding requirements

A

Environmental temperature

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32
Q

When do rabbits reach sexual maturity

A

4-8 months

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33
Q

Do rabbits have a defined oestrus period

A

No - there are reflex ovulators

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34
Q

What is the gestation period of a rabbit

A

28-32 days (1 month)

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35
Q

What is the lifespan of a pet rabbit

A

8-12 years

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36
Q

What are the 4 main reasons a rabbit needs fiber in its diet

A
  1. Helps keep the teeth in shape
  2. Promotes GI health
  3. Allows normal behavior
  4. Provides energy
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37
Q

What is the average weight of feed for a rabbit/day

A

2.5kg/day

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38
Q

What is the recommended daily feed ration for a rabbit

A

Ad-lib hay/grass
Two handfuls of leafy greens
1 tbsp of pellets

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39
Q

At what rate do rabbits teeth grow

A

3mm/week (incisors)
3mm/month (cheek teeth)

40
Q

What is the dental formula of a rabbit

A

2/1, 0/0, 3/2, 3/3

41
Q

Describe the motion of gnawing

A

The lower jaw moves forward, so the incisors oppose but molars don’t and the cheeks are drawn in across the diastema

42
Q

What is the only rodent species to not have a post partum oestrus period

A

Chipmunks

43
Q

What are 3 breeds of guinea pigs

A
  1. English (most common in the UK)
  2. Abyssinian
  3. Peruvian
44
Q

Describe the Chinese hamster breed

A

Small
Round body shape

45
Q

Describe the Roborovski hamster breed

A

Smallest
White eyebrows

46
Q

In what pairs should guinea pigs be kept

A

Single sex groups, pairs, or harems
(not with rabbits)

47
Q

All hamsters are social except which breed

A

Syrian

48
Q

What rodents can be kept as same sex pairings, pairs (neutered males to a female) or a harem

A

Guinea pigs, chinchillas, mice and rats

49
Q

How can Degus be housed together

A

In pairs or groups

50
Q

How can gerbils be housed together

A

In same sex groups or a breeding pair

51
Q

Which small mammal has an absolute requirement for vitamin C

A

Guinea pigs

52
Q

Guinea pigs need a __ diet

A

High fibre

53
Q

What is the dental formula of histrycomorphs

A

1/1, 0/0, 1/1, 3/3

54
Q

What type of food should you avoid for chinchillas and degus and why

A

Sugary foods (they are prone to diabetes)

55
Q

What is the dental formula of myomorphs

A

1/1, 0/0, 0/0, 3/3

56
Q

What is different about the young of degus’s from other hystricomorphs

A

Their young are altricial, guinea pigs and hamsters young are precocious

57
Q

What should not be used as a substrate for gerbils

A

Sand

58
Q

What is a kit

A

A young ferret

59
Q

What is a sprite

A

A neutered female ferret

60
Q

What is a gib

A

A neutered male ferret

61
Q

What is a hob

A

A male ferret

62
Q

What is a hobble

A

A vasectomized male ferret

63
Q

What is a jill

A

A female ferret

64
Q

How can estrogen toxicity arise in ferrets

A

They are induced reflex ovulator’s, and if they are not mated after ovulation is induced it can cause a build up of estrogen

65
Q

Describe the general diet of a ferret

A

They are obligate carnivores, and their diet generally consists of high fat, high animal protein and low in carbohydrates

66
Q

What is annointing

A

A thing hedgehogs do when they foam at the mouth and spread it onto their spines with their tongue

67
Q

What is the minimum hutch space for a rabbit

A

6ft x 2ft x 2ft

68
Q

What is the best pairing of rabbits

A

Neutered male and neutered female

69
Q

List 3 substrates for a rabbit hutch

A
  1. Newspaper
  2. Wood shavings
  3. Hay (for eating and bedding)
70
Q

List 4 reasons fiber is important in a rabbits diet

A
  1. Helps keep teeth in shape
  2. Promotes GI health
  3. Allows normal behavioral
  4. Provides energy
71
Q

What is the dental formula of a rabbit

A

2/1, 0/0, 3/2, 3/3

72
Q

What is the growth rate of rabbits incisors and cheek teeth

A

Incisors: 3mm per week
Cheek teeth: 3mm per month

73
Q

When are rabbits most active

A

At dawn and dusk (crepuscular)

74
Q

What is the gestation period of a rabbit

A

28-32 days

75
Q

Are rabbits born with antibody’s/an immune system

A

Yes, there is a maternal transfer of immunity before birth

76
Q

At what age should rabbits be neutered

A

4-6 months

77
Q

When are rabbit kits weaned

A

At 6 weeks

78
Q

What are the 5 features of captive housing requirements for reptiles

A
  1. Space
  2. Substrate
  3. Heat
  4. Humidity
  5. Light
79
Q

What are 3 examples of good substrate for reptiles

A

Artificial grass, paper and grass pellets

80
Q

What is the average POTZ for reptiles

A

24C-38C

81
Q

What is the average humidity you should keep reptiles in

A

40-60%

82
Q

What is light so important for reptiles

A

A lack of light can cause nutritional secondary hyperparathyroidism because UV-B is needed for vitamin D synthesis and Ca absorption

83
Q

Where should you place the light source for reptiles from the cage

A

Less than 12 inches away

84
Q

Which reptile species are herbivores

A

Tortoises and iguana’s

85
Q

Which reptile species are omnivores

A

Most lizards and bearded dragons, some geckos and terrapins

86
Q

Which species transition from omnivores to herb/carnivores later in life

A

Bearded dragons and water dragons

87
Q

Which species of reptiles are carnivores

A

Snakes, some geckos and collared lizards

88
Q

How you feed a small snake vs large snake

A

Small: feed every 7-10 days
Large: feed every 3-4 weeks

89
Q

Which reptiles need supplements

A

All reptiles except for those eating mammalian prey

90
Q

Which supplements are needed for reptiles and how often

A

Calcium powder 3x weekly and Multivitamin 2x weekly

91
Q

Describe the process of how you would place a reptile in hibernation

A
  1. Decrease feed over two weeks in the late autumn
  2. Place in a hibernaculum with constant temperature of 4-7C and no light
  3. Gradually resume normal temperature and feeding and weigh
  4. Bathe to rehydrate
92
Q

How are brumination and reproduction related

A

Brumination triggers a rise in reproductive hormones

93
Q

When should you not hibernate reptile

A

If it is less than 3 years old or under weight

94
Q

Which lizard species is insectivorous through their life

A

Gecko

95
Q

Which tortoise breeds do not hibernate

A

African spurred tortoise and the red footed tortoise (some spur thighed)

Animal Life & Food Safety (9 decks)

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