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Animal Life & Food Safety > Animal Husbandry: Sheep > Flashcards

Animal Husbandry: Sheep Flashcards

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1
Q

What is one advantage and one disadvantage of the stratification of the sheep industry

A

Adv: sheep type matched to land
Disadv: increased sheep movement

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2
Q

List 3 UK mountain breeds

A

Rough fell
Welsh mountain
Scottish blackface

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3
Q

List 3 UK hill breeds

A

Llyen
North country cheviot
South country cheviot

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4
Q

How many lambs do you expect per year from mountain and hill breeds

A

1 lamb

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5
Q

What are the 4 outputs of mountain/hill flocks

A
  1. Fat lambs
  2. Draft ewes
  3. Breeding tups
  4. Replacement females
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6
Q

What traits are hill/mountain breeds selected for

A

Their hardiness and ability to survive on marginal pasture and high ground

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7
Q

What is a draft ewe

A

A hill ewe sold after several crops of lambs

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8
Q

How do you get a halfbred sheep

A

Longwool tup x Mountain/hill draft ewe

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9
Q

What is an example of a longwool sheep

A

A border leicester (or bluefaced)

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10
Q

How many lambs do you want from a halfbred ewe per year

A

2 lambs

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11
Q

What are 3 traits of a halfbred ewe

A
  1. Hardy
  2. Good mothering ability
  3. Good milk production
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12
Q

List 3 examples of terminal sires used

A
  1. Suffolk
  2. Charolais
  3. Beltex
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13
Q

What is the gestation period of a ewe

A

147 days

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14
Q

When are lambs sold? Fat, short keep, and long keep

A

Fat: 4 months
Short keep: 9 months
Long keep: 12 months

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15
Q

When do sheep breed

A

When the days get shorter (the fall)

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16
Q

Which type of sheep breeds have a longer mating cycle

A

Lowland sheep breeds

17
Q

What is the scanning percentage

A

Number of fetuses seen on scan to the number of ewes put to tup (should be over 100%)

18
Q

What are some husbandry tasks done for sheep in the early summer

A

Shearing, fly strike control and worming

19
Q

What are some husbandry tasks done for sheep in the autumn

A

Sheep scab control and liver fluke control

20
Q

What is ‘flushing’ ewes

A

Increasing the plane of nutrition prior to being put to tup to increase ovulation and give more twins

21
Q

What is the ideal weight for a fat lamb to be slaughtered

A

45kg

22
Q

When are lamb prices high and low

A

High in the spring, low in the summer

23
Q

List 3 factors affecting the profitability of the sheep enterprise

A
  1. Wool prices
  2. Replacement breeding stock costs
  3. Price of feed and materials
24
Q

When must you identify lambs by if housed over night (1 tag)

A

6 months, or when they move off holding of birth

25
Q

When must you identify lambs by if not housed over night (1 tag)

A

9 months, or when the move off holding of birth

26
Q

When must you fit a lamb with 2 ear tags

A

At 12 months

27
Q

What is a store lamb

A

A lamb that cannot be finished off grass because their growth rates are too low (stored and finished later)

28
Q

List 3 diseases affecting lambs

A
  1. Parasitic gastroenteritis
  2. Clostridial disease
  3. Trace element deficiencies (Co, Se, Cu, I)
29
Q

Are sheep mono- or poly-oestrus

A

Polyoestrus (seasonally)

30
Q

How can you manipulate the breeding season of a ewe (3)

A
  1. Control the photoperiod (light)
  2. Melatonin implant
  3. Using a vasectomized ram
31
Q

Why are AI conception rates generally low in sheep

A

They have a convoluted cervix

32
Q

How long should you keep a tup in with the ewes

A

Two cycles (17 x2 = 34 days)

33
Q

When do you need to start nutritionally managing twin and triplet ewes

A

In the last 1/3 of pregnancy

34
Q

What are two feeding strategies for pregnant ewes

A
  1. Traditional - ramp up feeding 6-8 weeks before lambing
  2. Flat rate - start supplementation at a level in excess and continue until birth
35
Q

When would you scan a ewe for pregnancy

A

60-90 days

36
Q

What are 3 common causes of abortion in sheep

A
  1. Chlamydophila
  2. Toxoplasma
  3. Campylobacter
37
Q

Indoor lambing: Adv and Disadv

A

Adv: protected from weather, supervision, early lambing, good for pastures
Disadv: more work, more disease, need to give bedding & water

38
Q

Outdoor lambing: Adv and Disadv

A

Adv: less work, less disease, lower costs
Disadv: more loss from weather, later lambing only, need good pastures

39
Q

List 3 conditions affecting neonatal lambs

A
  1. Dystocia
  2. Hypoglycemia
  3. Watery mouth

Animal Life & Food Safety (9 decks)

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