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Animal Life & Food Safety > Animal Husbandry: Horses > Flashcards

Animal Husbandry: Horses Flashcards

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1
Q

What are 3 ethological requirements of semi-feral horses

A
  1. Live in social groups
  2. Travel up to 65-80km a day
  3. Forage for around 16hrs a day
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2
Q

What are the 3 Fs

A

The ethological requirements of horses
1. Friends
2. Forage
3. Freedom

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3
Q

What is post-inhibitory rebound

A

When an animal performs a behavior in excess after it has been restricted

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4
Q

What is learned helplessness

A

A depression like state (apathy)

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5
Q

What are abnormal repetitive behaviors characterized by

A
  1. Repetitive
  2. Relatively fixed in pattern
  3. Apparently functionless
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6
Q

Describe windsucking & cribbing

A

Grasps fixed object with incisors, arches its neck and rocks back on hind quarters, may make a grunting sound

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7
Q

Define a herd of horses

A

One or more bands (plus loners) that live in close proximity

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8
Q

Define a band of horses

A

A group of 5 horses (average)

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9
Q

What is a hareem of horses

A

1 stallion with 3-4 mares + offspring

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10
Q

What is weaving

A

When the horse rocks their head from side to side while standing in one spot

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11
Q

List 5 common abnormal repetitive behaviours

A
  1. Windsucking
  2. Repetitive licking
  3. Excessive wood chewing
  4. Weaving
  5. Box walking
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12
Q

Which colors can horses not distinguish

A

Green from red

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13
Q

How far can horses detect sound for

A

Over 4km away

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14
Q

Which structure in the nasal passage of horses is used to detect pheromones and gather information

A

The vomeronasal organ

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15
Q

What are the 4 tastes that horses have

A

Salt, sour, sweet and bitter

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16
Q

Which area of the horse is extremely sensitive

A

The muzzle

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17
Q

Describe valence vs arousal

A

Valence: if an animal is feeling happy or sad
Arousal: measures the level of alertness and the intensity of emotion

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18
Q

Horses have a __ long term memory, and a __ short term memory

A

Great long term
Poor short term

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19
Q

What are the two branches of learning theory

A

Non-associative and associative learning

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20
Q

What are two types of non-associative learning and what is the difference between the two

A

Habituation (learning not to react) and sensitization (learning to react)

21
Q

What is classical conditioning

A

Making an association between two unrelated stimuli

22
Q

What is operant conditioning

A

Where you get the behavior that you reinforce

23
Q

Reinforcing a behavior makes it ___ and punishment makes it ___

A

More likely
Less likely

24
Q

Define positive punishment

A

Adding something aversive to make a behavior less likely

25
Q

What is the general area allowance for grass kept horses

A

1 hectare per horse

26
Q

Why do donkey’s require shelter in poor weather

A

They don’t grow winter coats

27
Q

What is the cheapest form of bedding for horses

A

Straw

28
Q

What is the goal of a track system for horses

A

Create more movement mimicking horses natural lifestyle

29
Q

What is the goal of an equicentral system for horses

A

Sustainable horse keeping and land management where the horse is part of the ecosystem

30
Q

List 5 examples of UK plants poisonous to horses

A

Ragwort, oak tree, buttercup, privet, and sycamore

31
Q

List 3 things you would do to set up a stall for a hospitalized case

A

Make sure there is dust free, comfortable bedding
Use an anti-weave bar the horse can look over
Provide a mirror, or feed ball and licks

32
Q

List 2 disadvantages of a track system

A

Risk of injury to horses, takes time for the horses to adjust

33
Q

List 2 disadvantages of an equicentral system

A

Risk of laminitis from binge eating, high human workload

34
Q

What is the general size of a loos box for a horse

A

12ft x 14ft

35
Q

List 3 areas you would look at to assess the BCS of a horse

A
  1. Neck
  2. Ribs
  3. Tailhead
36
Q

Describe how the energy is used/released in the body for different energy sources for horses

A
  1. Fiber - slow release
  2. Starch - instant energy
  3. Oil - slow release
37
Q

List order these feeds in order of starch content from high to low: barely, maize and oats

A
  1. Oats
  2. Barely
  3. Maize
38
Q

Why is processing mix feeds important in horses

A

It improves the digestibility of cereals, particularly in the SI

39
Q

What is the nutritional difference between wheat bran and sugar beet pulp

A

Wheat bran has a poor nutritional value and is low in calcium
Sugar beet pulp is high in fiber and is high in calcium

40
Q

How much of their body weight will the average horse eat in a day

A

2% of their bodyweight

41
Q

What is the gestation period of a horse

A

11 months

42
Q

List the ratio of forage to supplementary feed for: light work horses, moderate work horses, heavy work horses, and very heavy work horses

A

Light: 80% forage
Medium: 60-70%
Heavy: 50-60%
Very heavy: Min. 50%

43
Q

How many inches are in a hand

A

4 inches

44
Q

A horse is any equine above __ hands

A

14.2 hh

45
Q

How do you indicate a whorl on a horse passport

A

A small x

46
Q

What colors of pens do you use on a horse passport for white markings, and then everything else

A

White: red pen
Everything else: black pen

47
Q

What is prophet’s thumb mark

A

A muscular depression (usually in the neck)

48
Q

What is wall-eye

A

When there is a lack of pigmentation in the iris

Animal Life & Food Safety (9 decks)

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