Nutri midterm Flashcards
initiates drinking behavior.
the hypothalamus
on the other hand, is rare but can occur with excessive water consumption and
kidney disorders that reduce urine production.
Water intoxication,
stimulates the kidneys to reabsorb water rather than excrete it.
antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Water excretion is regulated by the
brain and the kidneys.
The body must excrete a minimum of about ____milliliters (about 1⁄2 quart) each day as
urine—enough to carry away the waste products generated by a day’s metabolic activities.
500
depends on a certain minimum amount of physical activity or exercise.
fitness
activity in which the body’s large muscles move in a rhythmic
manner for a sustained period of time.
Aerobic physical activity:
also called endurance activity, improves
cardiorespiratory fitness.
Aerobic activity,
physical activity that requires some increase in
breathing and/or heart rate and expends 3.5 to 7 kcalories per minute.
Moderate-intensity physical activity
physical activity that requires a large increase in
breathing and/or heart rate and expends more than 7 kcalories per minute.
Vigorous-intensity physical activity:
allows the joints to move freely, reducing the risk of injury.
Flexibility
supports the ongoing activity of the heart and lungs.
Cardiorespiratory endurance
enable muscles to work harder and longer without fatigue.
Muscle strength
and muscle endurance
improves as physical activity supports lean body tissues and reduces excess body fat.
Body
composition
is the most potent single predictor of the infant’s future health and survival.
weight gain during
pregnancy
likely to be large for gestational age,
Infants born to obese women
is both a supply depot and a waste-removal system for the fetus.
The placenta
is the pipeline from the placenta to the fetus.
The umbilical cord
surrounds and
cradles the fetus, cushioning it with fluids.
amniotic sac
The newly fertilized ovum is called a
zygote
the blastocyst floats down into the uterus, where it will embed itself
in the inner uterine wall—a process known as
implantation
the pregnant woman needs
no additional energy, but as pregnancy progresses, her energy needs rise.
first trimester,
She requires an additional
340 kcalories daily
during the second trimester
and an extra 450 kcalories each day during the
third trimester.
is
necessary to fuel the fetal brain and spare the protein needed for fetal growth.
Ample carbohydrate
is often prescribed for a short period after surgery to
give your GI tract a rest. The diet consists of clear juices, broth, popsicles, gelatin, and tea.
Coffee may be allowed with your physician’s approval.
Clear Liquid Diet-
is prescribed after surgery as a transition from clear liquids
to a regular diet. This diet includes all the foods on a clear liquid diet plus the addition of dairy
products such as: milk, yogurt, pudding, and smooth cream soups.
Full Liquid Diet-
, sometimes called the “house diet” consists of normal foods
similar to home. Our “Regular” diet follows the Dietary Guidelines for Americans and is
moderate in salt, sugar, and fat.
The regular diet
is sometimes called the Low fat, Low Cholesterol diet. The diet
consists of foods which are low in saturated fat, cholesterol and salt. Whole grains and
abundant vegetables and fruit, lean meat,
The Cardiac diet
is low in sugar and fat. The diet is designed to keep blood
glucose (sugar) levels under control. Many sugar free items are offered. The Diet Aide will
modify your selections based on the calorie level prescribed for you.
The Diabetic diet
diet is prescribed for people who have high blood
pressure, pneumonia, kidney disease, or who retain water.
The Low Sodium
serves as a transition from liquids to a regular diet for individuals who are
recovering from surgery or a long illness.
The soft diet
It gets its name from the fact that
household tools and machines, like a blender, meat grinder, or knife, are used to make foods
easier to chew and swallow.
Mechanical Soft Diet
easily digested and leave no undigested residue in your intestinal tract.
Clear liquid diet
is made up only of fluids and foods that are normally liquid and foods that turn to
liquid when they are at room temperature, like ice cream.
Full liquid diet
diet if you have mouth or throat problems or if your jaw is wired.
Blenderized Diet
After stomach surgery, some patients may have what is commonly known as _____
dumping
syndrome.
∙ Occurs 15 to 30 minutes after eating
∙ Caused by rapid entry of food into the small intestine
Early Dumping Phase
Occurs 90 minutes to 3 hours after eating
∙ Caused by a rapid rise in blood sugar and then a rapid decrease in blood sugar
Late Dumping Phase
is a disorder that damages your small intestine and keeps it from absorbing
the nutrients in food.
Celiac disease
is a protein found in wheat, barley, and rye.
gluten
is the only treatment if you’ve been diagnosed with celiac disease.
A gluten-free diet
generally means not eating most grains, pasta, cereals,
and processed foods.
A gluten-free diet
Inflammation of liver, resulting from damage to liver tissue
* Cause often infection with specific viruses (A, B, C)
* Usual transmission
HEPATITIS
most active organ in body
Liver—
Most common of liver disorders
I. Fatty Liver & Hepatitis
Accumulation of fat in liver tissue; represents imbalance between fat synthesized from the
blood & the amount exported to the blood via VLDL
Fatty Liver
End-stage condition resulting from chronic liver disease
Cirrhosis
When your pancreas becomes swollen or inflamed, it cannot perform its function. This
condition is called .
pancreatitis
A deficiency of retardation. — Is one of the world’s most common preventable causes
of mental
a. zinc
b. lodine
c. selenium
d.magnesium
b. lodine
Which mineral is critical to keeping the heartbeat steady and plays a major role in
maintaining fluid and electrolyte balance?
a. Sodium
b. Calcium
c. Potassium
d. Magnesium
c. Potassium
Which of the following characteristics is not a component of fitness?
a. Muscle endurance”
b. Conditioning
c. Flexibility
d. Muscle strength
d. Muscle strength
The levels of this macronutrient in the body are most depleted after a day of fasting or
into starvation:
a. Amino acids
b.Glycogen
c. Triglycerides
d. Fatty acids
b.Glycogen
Which of the following is one of the functions of Vitamin E?
A. Anti-inflammatory
b. Antidiuretic
c. Antimicrobial
D. Antioxidant
D. Antioxidant