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FINALS > NUTRI 3 > Flashcards

NUTRI 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Inflammation of liver with necrosis of liver cells;
elevation of ALT & AST

A

HEPATITIS

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2
Q

● Most serious & irreversible type of liver injury
● 3 types:
- Biliary
- Post Necrotic
- Laennec’s

A

CIRRHOSIS

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3
Q

● Excessive copper storage in liver, spleen, & kidney;
impaired bile excretion, & progressive destruction of
small bile ducts

A

BILIARY

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4
Q

● Preceded by hepatitis

CAUSES
● Chemical exposure
● Nutritional factors

A

POSTNECROTIC

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5
Q

● Linked with alcoholism

CAUSE
● Alcohol Intake

A

LAENNEC’S

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6
Q

● “Hepatic Encephalopathy”

● Serious complication of advanced liver disease

● Have elevated blood ammonia levels

● Exhibits cerebral function deficits from minimal to coma

A

HEPATIC COMA

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7
Q

● 2nd leading site of cancer in Filipino men
● Caused by viral hepatitis B and C
● Other causes: alcohol, heavy Aatoxin exposure,
cirrhosis

A

LIVER CANCER

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8
Q

● Inflammation, edema & necrosis of pancreas

● As a result of autodigestion of the organ tissues by
enzymes it normally produces, principally trypsin

A

PANCREATITIS

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9
Q

● An acute inflammatory disease in which
autodigestion occurs from obstruction of the
pancreatic duct

A

ACUTE PANCREATITIS

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10
Q

● Permanent damage (necrosis) to pancreas occurs

● Increase enzymatic process causing N/V, along with
abd distention & severe pain

A

CHRONIC PANCREATITIS

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11
Q

● Inflammation of the gallbladder usually from
gallstones or chronic infection

A

CHOLECYSTITIS

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12
Q

characterized by epigastric pain that to the
shoulder and lower abdominal region, N/V,
chills, fever, & jaundice

A

Acute CHOLECYSTITIS

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13
Q

Sensitivity to fatty foods, colicky pain, belching
& flatulence are the general features

A

Chronic CHOLECYSTITIS

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14
Q

● Develop in a sluggish diseased gallbladder due to
infection, stagnation of the bile or changes in the
chemical composition of the bile,

● Overeating or poor eating habits

A

Gallstone

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15
Q

1.) combination of infection & stones
2.) gallstone without infection
3.) stones slip into the common bile duct producing obstruction & cramps

A

1.) Cholecystolithiasis
2.) Cholelithiasis
3.) Choledolithiasis

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16
Q

● injury progressing to lesion to complete
parenchymal destruction and end-stage renal
failure

● condition in which the kidneys stop working and
are not able to remove waste and extra water from
the blood or keep body chemicals in balance

A

ETIOLOGY

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17
Q

Refers to a syndrome caused by signicant urinary
protein losses (proteinuria) that result from severe
glomerular damage

A

NEPHROTIC DISORDERS

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18
Q

● Deteriorates rapidly, over hours or days

● Reduces urine output and allows nitrogenous
wastes to build up in the blood

A

ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY

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19
Q

● a condition where your kidneys can’t lter toxins or
extra fluid from your blood as well as they should.

● Gradual, irreversible deterioration

A

CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE

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20
Q

● A successful kidney transplant restores kidney
function, allows a more liberal diet, and frees the
patient from routine dialysis

A

KIDNEY TRANSPLANT

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21
Q

● A kidney stone is a crystalline mass that forms
within the urinary tract

● Stones tend to recur but can be prevented with
dietary measures and medical treatment

A

KIDNEY STONES

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22
Q

● caused by hyperparathyroidism, excess intake of
calcium foods & Vit. D, and prolonged
immobilization

A

CALCIUM STONE

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23
Q

● occurs most frequently

● also called “infection stones” because the main
cause is UTI

● stones composed of Magnesium Nitric Phosphate

A

STRUVITE STONE

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24
Q

● excess excretion of uric acid caused by impairment
in purine metabolism; occurs in diseases such as
gout

A

URIC ACID STONE

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25
Q

● caused by genetic metabolic defect in renal
absorption of amino acid cystine

● “cystinuria”; occurs mainly in children

A

CYSTINE STONE

26
Q

● Metabolic disorders characterized by:
○ Elevated blood glucose concentrations
○ Disordered insulin metabolism

● These impairments result:
○ Defective glucose uptake and utilization in
muscle and adipose cells
○ Unrestrained glucose production in the liver

A

DIABETES MELLITUS

27
Q

1.) Juvenile ; insulin-dependent diabetes

2.)
○ Most common
○ Adult
○ Non-insulin-dependent

3.) Develops during pregnancy

A

1.) Type 1
2.) Type 2
3.) Gestational Diabetes

28
Q

DM MANAGEMENT

A

● Insulin or oral hypoglycemic agents
● Regular exercise
● Avoid stress factors
● Healthy eating

29
Q

A food’s glycemic effects is influenced by:

A

○ Type of carbohydrate in a food
○ Food’s fiber content
○ Preparation method
○ Individual tolerances

30
Q

● A guide that tells a patient how much & what kinds
of food he can choose to eat at meals & snack time.

● Balance with insulin & oral medications & exercise
to help manage their blood glucose level

A

DIABETES’ MEAL PLAN

31
Q

● Based on patient’s height, weight, age, sex &
activity

● Individualization of the macronutrient composition
will depend on the metabolic status of the patient &/
or food preferences.

A

ENERGY ALLOWANCE

32
Q

● May help to control calorie intake
● Do not affect blood sugar levels
● Acceptable daily intake (ADI)

A

ARTIFICIAL SWEETENERS

33
Q

● Used in beverage & foods that do not require
cooking
● 300x as sweet as sucrose

A

SACCHARIN

34
Q

● Available as Nutra-sweet & Equal
● 200x sweeter than sucrose
● ADI: 50 mg/ kg/ day (USFD

A

ASPARTAME

35
Q

● Derived from ordinary
sugar
● 600x sweeter than
sucrose
● E.g. Splenda

A

SUCRALOSE

36
Q

Suited for baking

● E.g Sunnet or Sweet One

A

ACESULFAME K

37
Q

● Newest non-nutritive
sweetener approved
by USFDA in 2002

● 7,000 to 13,000 times
sweeter than sucrose

A

NEOTAME

38
Q

● Used in food & beverage
● 2,000 times sweeter than sucrose

A

ALITAME

39
Q

● 30x as sweet as sugar cane
● Used to sweeten soft drinks

A

CYCLAMATES

40
Q

● Most sweet in a slightly colder & slightly acidic food
● Used in sugar free or diabetic commercial products
● ADI: not more than 75g

A

FRUCTOSE

41
Q

Latest sugar substitute that is closest to table sugar
but most expensive
● E.g. Truvia & Sweetleaf

A

STEVIA

42
Q

● Sugar alcohol derivatives
● Absorbed far slower into the bloodstream

A

SORBITOL, MANNITOL & XYLITOL

43
Q

● It starts when cells grow out of control and crowd
out normal cells.

● This makes it hard for your body to work the way it
should.

A

CANCER

44
Q

TREATMENT FOR CANCER

A

● Chemotherapy (chemo)
● Targeted Therapy
● Immunotherapy
● Hormone Therapy
● Radiation

45
Q

NUTRITION AND INCREASED CANCER RISK

A

● Obesity
● Alcohol drinking
● Tobacco smoking
● Carcinogenic food

46
Q

CONSEQUENCES OF CANCER

A

1.) ANOREXIA AND REDUCED FOOD INTAKE
2.) METABOLIC CHANGES
3.) CANCER CACHEXIA

47
Q

3 PHASES OF SURGICAL PROCESS

A

● Pre-operative
● Surgery procedure
● Post-operative

48
Q

2 FORMS OF SURGERY

A

● Emergency Surgery
● Elective Surgery

49
Q

METABOLIC RESPONSE TO SURGERY

● Increase excretion of urea & other nitrogenous
products in urine
● Protein breakdown

A

NEGATIVE NITROGEN BALANCE

50
Q

Breakdown of skeletal muscle protein & amino acids
to visceral organs and the wound.

A

TRANSLOCATION OF THE AMINO ACIDS

51
Q

● aims to improve nutritional status of the patient
● prepare patient for nutrient loss during surgery
● hasten post-op recovery
● build–up glycogen reserves
● strengthen body resistance for infection

A

PRE-OPERATIVE DIET

52
Q

WHY YOU CAN’T EAT OR DRINK BEFORE SURGERY

A

● Reasons:
○ Risk of aspiration
○ Risk of infection and surgery complications
○ Bowel prep interference
○ Risk of nausea and vomiting

● Reminder:
○ Refrain from food and uids 6-12 hours prior to
surgery unless your doctor tells you otherwise.

53
Q

● In general - NPO immediately after the operation
● Clear liquid once peristaltic movement occurs
● Gradually changed to full liquid, soft, and eventually
regular diet
● High calorie, high protein diet (depending on
patient’s tolerance)

A

POST-OPERATIVE DIET

54
Q

● Signs & symptoms being experienced by a patient
who have had gastrectomy
● Characterized by N/V, weakness, syncope &
diarrhea
● Happens when the stomach contents are emptied
into jejunum at an abnormally fast rate

A

DUMPING SYNDROME

55
Q

the medical name for common acne

A

Acne vulgaris

56
Q

● A potentially life threatening disorder that is
characterized by self-starvation and excessive
weight loss
● Lack or loss of appetite

A

ANOREXIA

57
Q

● Inflammatory respiratory illness characterized by
mild to severe DOB cause by allergens

● The airways gets constricted and swollen
with severe difficulty of breathing

A

ASTHMA

58
Q

● Bronchitis is an inammation of the trachea and
large caused by a bacterial or viral infection

● Also be triggered by as an allergic reaction

A

BRONCHITIS

59
Q

● A common yeast that thrives in the mouth
(“thrush”), digestive system, skin, and genital
tract

● It appears as soft, creamy white or yellow
discharge

● Caused by Candida Albicans

A

CANDIDIASIS

60
Q

● Sores are small, swollen ulcers that usually
occur on the lips and in the mouth

● “Sigaw”

A

CANKER SORES

FINALS (9 decks)

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