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FINALS > MCN 1 > Flashcards

MCN 1 Flashcards

1
Q

● Increase in physical size
● Represents quantitative
changes

A

GROWTH

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2
Q

● A gradual change and
expansion
● Advancement from lower
to a more advanced stage
of complexity

A

DEVELOPMENT

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3
Q

● Aging
● An increase in
competence and
adaptability

A

MATURATION DIFFERENTIATION

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4
Q

● Processes by which early
cells & structures are
systematically modied &
altered to achieve specic
characteristics, physical &
chemical properties

A

DIFFERENTIATION

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5
Q

● Conception to birth
● Germinal: conception

○ Most crucial
period in the
development
process
○ Characterized by
rapid growth rate
& total
dependency

A

Prenatal

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6
Q

● Birth to 12 months
● Neonatal: birth to 27
or 28 week

○ First month -
critical period
○ Rapid motor,
cognitive, and
social
development

A

Infancy

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7
Q

● 1 to 6 years old
● Toddler: 1 to 3 years
● Preschool: 3 to 6
years

○ Intense activity &
discovery
○ Marked physical,
social, language,
personality, &
beginning
self-concept
development

A

Early Childhood

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8
Q

● 6 to 11/12 years old
● “School age”
● Steady advancement
in physical, mental, &
social development

A

Middle Childhood

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9
Q

● 11 to 19 years old

● Prepubertal: 10-13
years old

● Adolescence: 13 to
approx. 18 years old

● Tumultuous period of
rapid maturation

A

Late Childhood

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10
Q

In all dimensions of growth & development, there is a
definite, predictable sequence, which each child
normally passing through every stage

A

SEQUENTIAL TRENDS

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11
Q

● Although there is a fixed, precise order to
development, it does not progress at the same rate or
pace

A

DEVELOPMENT PACE

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12
Q

Periods termed as critical, sensitive, vulnerable, &
optimal are those times in the lifetime of an organism
when it is more susceptible to positive or negative
influences

A

SENSITIVE PERIODS

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13
Q

● Theoretic foundations of personality development

A

○ Psychosexual development (Freud)
○ Psychosocial development (Erikson)

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14
Q

● Theoretic foundations of mental development

A

○ Cognitive development (Piaget)
○ Moral development (Kohlberg)

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15
Q

Infant

● Provide oral
stimulation by
giving paciers,
do not
discourage
thumbsucking

A

Oral stage

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16
Q

Toddler bladder

● Help children
achieve bowel
and control
without undue
emphasis on
its importance

A

Anal Stage

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17
Q

Preschool

● Accept
children’s
sexual
interests, such
as fondling his
or her own
genitals, as
normal area of
exploration

A

Phallic Stage

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18
Q

School Age

● Help children
have positive
experiences
with learning
so their
self-esteem
continues to
grow

A

Latent Stage

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19
Q

Adolescent

● Provide
appropriate
opportunities
for the child to
relate with
opposite and
own sex
relationships

A

Genital

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20
Q

Infant

● Provide a
primary
caregiver,
provide

A

Trust vs Mistrust

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21
Q

Toddler

● Provide
opportunities for
independent
decision-making
, such as
choosing their
own clothes

A

Autonomy vs
Shame

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22
Q

Preschooler

● Provide
opportunities for
exploring new
places or
activities. Allow
free form of play

A

Initiative vs Guilt

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23
Q

School age

● Provide
opportunities
such as allowing
child to
assemble and
complete a
short project

A

Industry vs
Inferiority

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24
Q

Adolescent

● Provide
opportunities for
an adolescent
to discuss
feelings about
events
important to
him/her. Oer
support and
praise for
decision-making

A

Identity vs Role
Confusion

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25
Q

● They learn about the
world through basic
actions such as
sucking, grasping,
looking, and listening

A

Sensory Motor (birth - 2 yrs)

26
Q

● Children begin to think
symbolically and learn
to use words and
pictures to represent
objects

A

Preoperational (2-7 yrs) ●

27
Q

● Children begin to think
logically about
concrete events

● Children begin to
understand the
concept of
conversation

A

Concrete Operational

28
Q

● Adolescent or young
adult begins to think
abstractly and reason
about hypothetical
problems

A

Formal Operational (12 yrs
above)

29
Q

PRECONVENTIONAL (LEVEL I)

age: 2-3

Child needs help to
determine what are
the right actions.
Give clear
instruction

A

Stage 1: Punishment, obedience and orientation

30
Q

PRECONVENTIONAL (LEVEL I)

Age: 4-7

Child is unable to
recognize that like
situations require
like actions

A

Stage 2: Individualism

31
Q

CONVENTIONAL (LEVEL II)

Age: 7-10

Child enjoys helping
others because this
is nice behavior

A

Stage 3: Orientation to interpersonal relations of mutuality

32
Q

CONVENTIONAL (LEVEL II)

Age: 10-12

Child often asks
what the rules are
and if something is
right

A

Stage 4:
Maintenance of
social order,
fixed, rules, and
authorit

33
Q

POST-CONVENTIONAL (LEVEL III)

Age: older than 12

Adolescents can be
responsible for
self-care because
they view this as a
standard of adult
behavior

A

Stage 5:

Social Contract,
utilitarian
law-making
perspective

34
Q

● Individual’s description of himself/herself
● Includes all notions, beliefs, & convictions that constitute
an individual’s relationship with others
● Develops gradually

A

SELF-CONCEPT

35
Q

● Subjective concepts & attitudes that individuals have
toward their own bodies
● Physiologic, psychologic, & social nature of one’s image
of self

A

BODY IMAGE

36
Q

● A period of dramatic physical changes and
developmental achievements
● Rapid developmental period

A

INFANCY

37
Q

● Overall evaluation of self
● Personal, subjective judgement of one’s worthiness

A

SELF - ESTEEM

38
Q

● A multidimensional phenomenon
● Includes feelings, attitudes, & actions

A

SEXUALITY

39
Q

INFANT WEIGHT

A

● 0.68kg/month
● 5-6 months - double the weight
● 1 year - triple the weight

40
Q

Infant height

A

● Increases by 2.5cm (1in.)/month during the first 6
months.
○ Averages 65 cm by 6th month

● Slows during the next 6 months (1.25 cm or ½
inch

41
Q

Infant HEAD CIRCUMFERENCE

A

● Increases by 2 cm/month for the first 3 months.

● Increases by 1 cm/month during the next 3 months

○ Averages 43 cm by 6th month

42
Q

CLOSURE OF CRANIAL SUTURES

A

● Anterior fontanel closes by 12th to 18th month
○ Average is 14 months
● Posterior fontanel closes by 6th to 8th week

43
Q

CHEST

A

By 1 year old chest circumference will equal the size
of the head circumference and the weight of the
heart is doubled

By the end of the infant period the lower jaw is
prominent. The circumference of the chest is less
than that of the at birth by about 2 cm. The Abdomen
remains protuberant

44
Q

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

A

● Respiratory rate slows down from 30 - 60
breaths/min to 20 - 30 breaths/min by the end of
the first year

45
Q

HEART

A

● Heart rate from 110 -160 bpm to 100 - 120 bpm by
the end of the first year

46
Q

HEMATOPOIETIC

A

● Present for the rst 5 months
● (+) physiologic anemia at 2 - 3 months

47
Q

DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

A

● Digestive process are relatively immature
● Majority of the digestive processes begin at 3
months
● Liver is the most immature of all GI organs

48
Q

● Ability to coordinate hand movements
● Grasping and manipulating

A

FINE MOTOR DEVELOPMENT

49
Q

● Ability to accomplish large body movements
● Head control, sitting, rolling over, locomotion

A

GROSS MOTOR DEVELOPMENT

50
Q

● Crucial element
to achieve
trust: quality of
parent
(caregiver)-child relationship
and care that
infant receive

● Meeting
infant’s needs
at the right
time and
consistently

A

● Psychosocial
Development
by Erik Erikson
- Development

51
Q

● Period from birth to 24
months

● Infants progress from
reflex behavior to simple
repetitive acts to imitate
activity

A

Cognitive Development
by Piaget

52
Q

● Kinesthetic and tactile experiences are the rst
perceptions of their body
● Mouth is the principal area of pleasurable
sensations

A

DEVELOPMENT OF BODY IMAGE

53
Q

● Begins in utero

● Influenced by parents and signicant others’ actions
or responses to a child’s early manifestations of
sexuality

A

DEVELOPMENT OF GENDER IDENTITY

54
Q

● Between 6 to 8 months, fear of strangers and
stranger anxiety become prominent

A

STRANGER FEAR

55
Q

● Between ages 4 to 8 months, infant progresses
through the first stage of separation-individuation

A

SEPARATION ANXIETY

56
Q

● First means of verbal communication is ______
● Crying can be a message of urgency, can be a
signal of displeasure, and mostly related to
physiologic needs

A

Crying

57
Q

● Primarily narcissistic; revolves on own body

A

PLAY

58
Q

● Features of a person that reect an individual’s
emotional disposition

A

TEMPERAMENT

59
Q

● To accustom the infant to new people, parents are
encouraged to have close friends and relatives visit
often.

A

SEPARATION AND STRANGER FEAR

60
Q

● Eruption of the deciduous (primary) teeth.
● First primary teeth to erupt - lower central incisors
(6 to 8 months

A

TEETHING

FINALS (9 decks)

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