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FINALS > NUTRI 2 > Flashcards

NUTRI 2 Flashcards

1
Q

● A liberal supply of easy to digest CHO is
recommended to spare CHON, provide quick
energy & replenish depleted glycogen stores

A

CARBOHYDRATES

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2
Q

● An increased intake of fats in emulsied form e.g. in
eggs, cream, milk margarine & butter is suggested
to supply additional calories.

A

FATS

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3
Q

● Capable of being converted into ketone bodies.

● High in fat, moderate in protein, low in
carbohydrates

A

KETOGENIC

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4
Q

● Preventing or suppressing the development of
ketones (ketone bodies) & thus preventing
development of ketosis.

● Too much ketones can damage brain and cause
development of ketosis

A

ANTIKETOGENIC

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5
Q

● Increased water intake is needed to replenish uid
losses from vomiting, urination, diarrhea or sweating
& to facilitate excretion of toxic products.

● Fluid needs may be as high as 3-4 L/day.

● Sources: water, broth, and fruit juice & milk
beverage.

A

WATER

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6
Q

● Electrolyte balance has to be restored hand in hand
with water balance.

● Salty broths, fruit juices, succulent fruits &
vegetables, milk drinks supply minerals particularly
Na & K.

A

MINERALS

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7
Q

● Enhanced diet with vitamins A, C, B complex from
food & beverages sources.

● These micronutrients are greatly utilized & or
excreted during hypermetabolic states

A

VITAMINS

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8
Q

An acute highly contagious viral disease caused by
the measles virus. It is characterized by fever, URT
catarrhal inflammation, koplik’s spots and
maculopapular

A

MEASLES

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9
Q

An acute intestinal infection that causes severe
diarrhea, dehydration and, if not treated promptly,
death.

A

CHOLERA

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10
Q

Aka as Break Bone Fever is a mosquito borne viral
infection caused by the dengue virus (avivirus),
transmitted by the mosquito Aedes Aegypti, rarely
Aedes Albopictus.

A

DENGUE FEVER

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11
Q

Acute contagious infection caused by the bacterium
Corynebacterium diphtheriae; marked by the
formation of a false membrane in the throat and
other air passages causing difficulty in breathing

A

DIPHTHERIA

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12
Q

A highly contagious respiratory infection
that causes uncontrollable, violent coughing.

A

PERTUSSIS OR WHOOPING COUGH

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13
Q

● Also known as enteric fever.

● A life-threatening infection caused by the bacterium
Salmonella Typhi. It is usually spread through
contaminated food or water.

A

TYPHOID FEVER

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14
Q

● Polio is caused by a virus that attacks the nerve
cells of the brain and spinal cord although not all
infections result in severe injuries and paralysis

A

POLIOMYELITIS

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15
Q

● Acute rheumatic fever is a systemic disease of
childhood, often recurrent that allows Group A Beta
Hemolytic Streptococcal Infection

A

RHEUMATIC FEVER

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16
Q

● A mosquito borne infectious disease of humans and
other animals caused by parasitic protozoans of the
genus Plasmodium transmitted via a bite from an
infected female Anopheles mosquito.

A

MALARIA

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17
Q

An abnormal permanent enlargement of air spaces
distal to terminal bronchioles accompanied by
destruction of their walls without obvious fibrosis.

A

EMPHYSEMA

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18
Q

A progressive disease affecting your lungs and the
ability to breathe.

● AKA Chronic Airway Limitation (CAL).

A

CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE

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19
Q

● An abnormal inammatory condition of the lung.

● Characterized as including inammation of the
parenchyma of the lung (that is, the alveoli) and
abnormal alveolar lling with uid (consolidation and
exudation)

A

PNEUMONIA

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20
Q

An infectious disease caused by a coronavirus with
symptoms including fever & cough & in some cases
progressing to pneumonia & respiratory failure.

A

SARS

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21
Q

● An infectious airborne disease that commonly
affects the lungs.

● Caused by the bacteria Mycobacterium
tuberculosis.

A

TUBERCULOSIS

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22
Q

A group of disorders involving the heart and blood
vessels

● It is the leading cause of death worldwide.

A

CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES

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23
Q

Buildup of plaque in blood vessels which

Causes constriction in blood flow.

A

Atherosclerosis

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24
Q

Most common form of CVD
Caused by atherosclerosis

A

Coronary Heart Disease

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25
Q

RISK FACTORS OF HTN

A

● Aging
○ 65 years old and above
● Genetic Factors
● Obesity
● Salt sensitivity (Sodium sensitivity)
● Alcohol
● Dietary Fact

25
Q

○ Systolic more than or equal to 130.
○ Diastolic more than or equal to
● A primary risk factor for: atherosclerosis & CVD
● A primary cause of: stroke & kidney fail

● Forces the heart to work harder to eject blood into
the arteries:
● Weakens heart muscle
● Increases the risk of developing heart
arrhythmias, heart failure, & even sudden de

A

HYPERTENSION

26
Q

TREATMENT OF HYPERTENSI

A

● Weight reduction
● Drug Therapy
DASH DIET

27
Q

HOW TO REDUCE SODIUM INTAKE

A

● Select fresh, unprocessed food
● Do not use salt at the table or while cooking
● Avoid eating in fast-food restaurants

28
Q

● The artery walls become progressively thickened
due to:
○ Fatty deposits
○ Fibrous connective tissue
○ Smooth muscle cells known as plaque

A

ATHEROSCLEROSIS

29
Q

CAUSES OF ATHEROSCLEROSIS

A

1.) Shear Stress
2.) Abnormal Blood Lipids
3.) Cigarette Smoking
4.) Diabetes Mellitus
5.) Age and Gender

30
Q

● Leading cause of disability in the US
● Occurs suddenly and is short lived
● May be paralyzed in some body parts = limitations
in right or left side of the body

A

CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENT

31
Q

● Most common form of CVD

● Most common side eects:
○ Pain that may radiate to neck, back, shoulder,
arm, or jaw

● Common symptoms
○ Shortness of Breath
○ Fatigue
○ N/V
○ Lower abdominal discomfort

A

CORONARY HEART DISEASE

32
Q

● Occurs when the heart muscle does not pump
blood as well as it should.

A

CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE

33
Q

Improves blood ow of the heart

A

★ CABG (Coronary Artery Bypass Graft)

34
Q

Remove blockage in the arteries to allow a good blood flow

A

★ PTCA (Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty)

35
Q

● Factors that modify acid secretion, GI motility and
tone

● Disorders in the mouth, esophagus, stomach,
intestines, liver, pancreas and gallbladder

A

GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT DISEASES

36
Q

FACTORS THAT MODIFY ACID SECRETION, GI MOTILITY, & TONE

A

1.) Increase flow of acid & enzyme production
2.) Decrease flow of acid & enzyme
3.) Increased tone and motility
4.) Decreased tone and motility

37
Q

● Help in digestion & absorption

● Enhance the immune system & regulate hormone
balance

A

PROBIOTICS

38
Q

Which Foods Contain Probiotics?

A
  • Buttermilk
  • Fermented and unfermented milk
  • Ker
  • Kimchi
  • Miso
  • Sauerkraut
  • Some pickles
  • Some soft cheeses
  • Soy drinks
39
Q
  • Congenital cut on the upper lip
  • The opening in a cleft lip can be a small slit or a
    large split that extends from the lip into the nose
A

Cleft Lip (harelip)

40
Q
  • Incomplete closure of the lateral halves of the
    palate or roof of the mouth
  • The opening in a cleft palate may aect the
    front, or back, or both parts of the palate
A

Cleft Palate

41
Q

● Chronic infectious disease characterized by a
progressive destruction of tooth substance

● Avoid “cariogenic foods”

A

DENTAL CARIES

42
Q

● Inflammatory disorder of the supporting structure of
the teeth that can result in tooth detachment & loss

A

PERIODONTAL DISEASE

43
Q

● Neuromuscular disorder characterized by
esophageal motility where the LES fails to relax
normally after swallowing

A

ACHALASIA

44
Q

● Acute or chronic inflammation of the esophageal
wall
● Dysphagia is a medical term for difficulty swallowing

A

ESOPHAGITIS

45
Q

● Partially digested foods backs up into esophagus

● Also known as “acid indigestion”, “heartburn”,
“reflux esophagitis”

A

GERD AND HIATAL HERNIA

46
Q

● An inammation of the stomach lining

● It can be caused by drinking too much alcohol,
certain medicines, or smoking

● Some diseases and other health issues can also
cause gastritis

A

GASTRITIS

47
Q

Ulcer caused by H. pylori infection, excessive
alcohol intake, high consumption of smoked, cured
foods and large intake of (nitrosamines) nitrate in
foods

A

PEPTIC ULCER DISEASE (PUD)

48
Q

Caused by deficiency of lactase, undigested lactose
remains in the gut & acts osmotically to draw water
into the intestines

A

LACTOSE INTOLERANCE

49
Q

● Urge to defecate is lacking
● Common in elderly
● Also occurs in obese, accompanying fever, post
surgery patients, & during pregnancy

A

ATONIC - ”LAZY BOWEL”

50
Q

With excessive or uncoordinated sigmoidal mobility
& loss of rectal sensibility

A

SPASTIC

51
Q

Hinders the passage of stool; maybe complete or
partial

A

OBSTRUCTIVE

52
Q

● Multisystem disorder with impact on any organ
system

● Chronic digestive and immune disorder that
damages the small intestine

A

CELIAC DISEASE

53
Q

● “Regional Enteritis”

● Inflammation or irritation involving mainly the
terminal ileum accompanied by crack-like ulcers or
granulomas

A

CROHN’S DISEASE

54
Q

● Inflammatory disease of large intestine conned to
rectum & colon

● Inflammation is hemorrhagic with excess mucus
that contains pus

A

ULCERATIVE COLITIS

55
Q

● Presence of diverticula in colon called “diverticulitis”
due to defect in muscle layers of sigmoid colon,
causing a lumen to narrow & intraluminal pressure is
increase

A

DIVERTICULOSIS

56
Q

● Inflammation of the small pockets (diverticula) in
the colon wall & lining due to chronic constipation

A

DIVERTICULITIS

57
Q

● “spastic colon”; spastic colitis”; “nervous stomach”;
“irritable colon”

● Disturbance in the interaction between the gut, the
brain, & autonomic nervous system that alters
regulation of bowel motility or sensory function

A

IRRITABLE BOWEL SYNDROME (IBS)

58
Q

● * 50% of small bowel can be resected without serious consequences

● “short bowel syndrome’

A

INTESTINAL SURGERY

59
Q

● “Icterus”
● Can affect appetite & willingness to comply with
therapy

A

JAUNDICE

FINALS (9 decks)

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