Nursing as an art of Communication Flashcards
A two- way process involving the sending and the receiving of a message thereby exchanging information or feelings between 2 or more people.
Comuunication
Process of transmitting thoughts, feelings, information and other verbal and non-verbal behavior.
The vehicle for establishing a therapeutic relationship with a client. (Trusting relationship)
Communication in Nursing:
Critical skill to develop in communication in nursing
Nurses spend more time with patients.
Nurses must be able to recognize subtle cues from silent patients.
Integral part of helping relationships
Main purpose of communication
Influence others
obtain information
teaching, express caring and comfort , influencing others may be helpful or non-helpful.
influence others
assessment data, interview purpose of communication
obtain information
source-encoder; person or group who convey messages.
person has a thought, idea, or emotion to convey to another person.
messages stem from a person’s need to relate to others, create meaning & to understand various situations
decides on what language and words to use, arrange the words , tone and gestures
sender
is the thought, idea, or emotion one person sends to another person.
it is the stimulus produced by the sender
alteration in the message depends on the person’s perception
What is actually said or written
Message
medium through which a message is transmitted.
channel
MAJOR CHANNELS:
Visual
auditory
kinesthetic
sight, observation, perception - drawing, painting, pictures
visual
spoken words and cues, requires active listening - singing
auditory
experiencing situations, procedural touch, caring touch - gestures (nodding, tapping feet etc), this involves feelings
kinesthetic
interprets, sort out the meaning of the message
person or group to whom the message is sent
Receiver/Encoder
components involved in the receiver
physiological
psychological
cognitive
sensory dysfunction(eyes,ears,taste, nose etc…), mental dullness or the receiver
physiological
emotional character - fear of expressing one’s ideas to others, excitement, emotional instability of the receiver
psychological
thinking or social skills , trouble making decisions, reasoning, organization, insight of the receiver
cognitive
meaning of the decoded message matches the intent of the sender
effective communication
occurs when receiver misinterprets the sent message
ineffective communication
the response from the receiver that enables the sender to verify that the message received was the message sent.
allows the sender to correct or reword a message
feedback response
they are the person’s frame of reference
involves: culture, age, emotions, education, language and attention
influences
METHODS OF COMMUNICATION
VERBAL COMMUNICATION
NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION
ELECTRONIC COMMUNICATION
The use of words, either spoken or written, to send a message.
VERBAL COMMUNICATION
Methods of verbal communication:
1) Speaking/ Listening
2) Pace and Intonation
3) Writing/ Reading
for communication to take place, both ___ & ___must occur
speaking & listening
use of commonly understood words
simple
direct precisely what is meant
clear
fewest words necessary
brevity
be sensitive to the needs and concerns of the patient, avoid asking several questions at a time
timing and relevance
the manner of speech modifies the feeling and impact of the message
pace and intonation
rate of speech: indicates ______ _____ _____
interest, anxiety, boredom, or fear.
the receiver reads the words.
reader must understand the words &then attach meaning to them.
Writing/ Reading
transmission of message without the use of words.
partly learned behavior partly instinct.
generally done unconsciously
can either reinforce or contradict what is said verbally.
clarify any observation to validate
NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION or BODY LANGUAGE
Essential skill to learn
observing and interpreting the client’s non-verbal bahavior
often referred to as “talking with hands”
may be used to clarify a verbal message, to emphasize an idea, to hold another’s attention, or to relieve stress.
Sign language
pacing back and forth, tapping of the hands and feet
Gestures
good posture, with head held up, & a purposeful gait = self-confidence, competence & positive self-image
stooped shoulders, downward-held head & shuffling gait= convey low self-esteem, depression, lack of confidence or apathy.
Posture and Gait
Generally interpreted as indicating interest & attention
Lack of eye contact = indicate avoidance, disinterest or discomfort.
Eye contact
crossed arms = indicate withdrawal or cold behavior
open position (arms held freely at the sides) = receptive attitude
Body Position
clean, neat, appropriately dressed = conveys a positive image, knowledge, & competence
dirty, sloppy or inappropriately
dressed =conveys the message of “I don’t care how I look”.
Physical Appearance
Touch is a simple yet powerful means of non-verbal communication
Touch
Purposes of touch:
Connects people
Provides affirmation (verification/confirmation)
Gives reassurance hope & encouragement
Shows warmth
Communicates caring
Provides stimulation
(inspiration/motivation)
Decreases loneliness
Increases self esteem
Guidelines in the use of touch as a means of communication between nurse and patient
Exhibit ability and sureness when touching the patient or when performing nursing procedure.
Seek permission before touching the client.
Touching a client must bring about a sense of security, rather than anxiety.
type of communication with the use of electronic devices.
ELECTRONIC COMMUNICATION
simplest form of telecommunication system
telephone
load information to be synchronized with the hospital’s IT system
cellphone
Uses of Electronic Communication in Health Care
Send requisitions to other depts. in the hospital
Show safe dosages & drug interactions in hospital pharmacies
Aid physicians in diagnosing and treating some conditions.
Online documentation of patient care
Electronic medical records (EMR)
schedule and confirm appointments, report lab results, conduct client education
EMAILS
Disadvantages electronic communication
client’s privacy, confidentiality and potential misuse of information
- not all have access to computer
