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NURSING 2005_Osteoarthritis_1 Slide PP Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Front

A

Back

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2
Q

<h1>Page 01</h1>

<br></br>What does ‘Osteo’ mean?

A

Bone.

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3
Q

<h1>Page 01</h1>

<br></br>What does ‘Arthro’ mean?

A

Joint.

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4
Q

<h1>Page 01</h1>

<br></br>What does ‘Itis’ mean?

A

Inflammation.

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5
Q

<h1>Page 01</h1>

<br></br>How is Osteoarthritis characterized?

A

By a breakdown of synovial joint cartilage and, in time, underlying bone.

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6
Q

<h1>Page 01</h1>

<br></br>What is Articular cartilage?

A

The cartilage pad that covers the surface of a bone inside a joint cavity.

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7
Q

<h1>Page 01</h1>

<br></br>What is Subchondral bone?

A

Layer of bone just below the cartilage in a joint.

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8
Q

<h1>Page 01</h1>

<br></br>What are Chondrocytes?

A

A cartilage cell.

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9
Q

<h1>Page 01</h1>

<br></br>What are Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs)?

A

Enzymes which degrade extracellular matrix (i.e. collagen, laminin & fibronectin).

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10
Q

<h1>Page 01</h1>

<br></br>What are Osteophytes?

A

A bony growth that develops on the edge of a bone.

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11
Q

<h1>Page 01</h1>

<br></br>What is Eburnation?

A

Degenerative process of bone; friction in the joint causes reactive conversion to an ivory-like surface at the site of cartilage erosion.

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12
Q

<h1>Page 01</h1>

<br></br>What is a Subchondral cyst?

A

Fluid-filled space inside a joint.

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13
Q

<h1>Page 02</h1>

<br></br>What are potential modifiable risk factors for osteoarthritis?

A

Identify potential modifiable risk factors for osteoarthritis.

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14
Q

<h1>Page 02</h1>

<br></br>What is meant by ‘aetiologies & pathogenesis of osteoarthritis’?

A

Discuss aetiologies & pathogenesis of osteoarthritis.

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15
Q

<h1>Page 02</h1>

<br></br>What is the focus of ‘clinical manifestations of osteoarthritis’?

A

Discuss clinical manifestations of osteoarthritis.

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16
Q

<h1>Page 02</h1>

<br></br>What is the purpose of describing the ‘key signs/symptoms & tools used in the diagnosis of osteoarthritis’?

A

Describe the key signs/symptoms & tools used in the diagnosis of osteoarthritis.

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17
Q

<h1>Page 03</h1>

<br></br>What is osteoarthritis characterized by?

A

Destruction of articular joint due to degeneration of articular cartilage.

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18
Q

<h1>Page 03</h1>

<br></br>What does ‘Osteo’ refer to in osteoarthritis?

A

Bone.

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19
Q

<h1>Page 03</h1>

<br></br>What does ‘Arthro’ refer to in osteoarthritis?

A

Joint.

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20
Q

<h1>Page 03</h1>

<br></br>What does ‘Itis’ refer to in osteoarthritis?

A

Inflammation.

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21
Q

<h1>Page 03</h1>

<br></br>What is the degenerative joint disease characterized by?

A

Destruction of articular joint due to degeneration of articular cartilage.

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22
Q

<h1>Page 04</h1>

<br></br>What is the most common joint disorder?

A

Osteoarthritis.

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23
Q

<h1>Page 04</h1>

<br></br>How many Australians are affected by osteoarthritis?

A

2.1 million.

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24
Q

<h1>Page 04</h1>

<br></br>Which age group is mostly affected by osteoarthritis?

A

Majority over 65 years old.

25
Q

<h1>Page 04</h1>

<br></br>What is a major cause of physical disability in the elderly?

A

Osteoarthritis.

26
Q

<h1>Page 04</h1>

<br></br>Which joints are commonly affected by osteoarthritis in males?

A

Hip joints.

27
Q

<h1>Page 04</h1>

<br></br>Which joints are commonly affected by osteoarthritis in females?

A

Knees and hands.

28
Q

<h1>Page 05</h1>

<br></br>What are the primary factors contributing to primary osteoarthritis?

A

Age, gender, hormones, wear/mechanical stress, genetic predisposition.

29
Q

<h1>Page 05</h1>

<br></br>What are the factors contributing to secondary osteoarthritis?

A

Underlying disease, diabetes, obesity, trauma.

30
Q

<h1>Page 05</h1>

<br></br>What are some examples of underlying diseases that can lead to secondary osteoarthritis?

A

Diabetes, obesity.

31
Q

<h1>Page 06</h1>

<br></br>What are the risk factors for osteoarthritis?

A

Various factors such as age, obesity, joint injury, overuse of joints, genetics, and muscle weakness.

32
Q

<h1>Page 07</h1>

<br></br>Where is the University of Adelaide located?

A

In Australia.

33
Q

<h1>Page 07</h1>

<br></br>What is the topic of the slide?

A

Normal Joint.

34
Q

<h1>Page 07</h1>

<br></br>Who is the author of the Principles of Pathophysiology eBook?

A

Shane Bullock; M.

35
Q

<h1>Page 07</h1>

<br></br>In which year was the Principles of Pathophysiology eBook published?

A

2018.

36
Q

<h1>Page 08</h1>

<br></br>What are the morphological changes in osteoarthritis?

A

Changes to articular cartilage & subchondral bone.

37
Q

<h1>Page 08</h1>

<br></br>What shift occurs in chondrocytes during osteoarthritis?

A

From reparative to degenerative.

38
Q

<h1>Page 08</h1>

<br></br>What are the possible mechanisms of osteoarthritis?

A

Biomechanical and/or metabolic alterations to cartilage, inflammatory response, production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, stimulation of chondrocytes to secrete degradative enzymes.

39
Q

<h1>Page 08</h1>

<br></br>What are the pro-inflammatory cytokines involved in osteoarthritis?

A

TNF-a, IL-1b.

40
Q

<h1>Page 08</h1>

<br></br>What do matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) do in osteoarthritis?

A

They are involved in the secretion of degradative enzymes.

41
Q

<h1>Page 08</h1>

<br></br>What is suppressed in osteoarthritis?

A

Tissue protective/growth factors.

42
Q

<h1>Page 09</h1>

<br></br>What happens when subchondral bones rub together in osteoarthritis?

A

It causes pain, swelling, and loss of motion.

43
Q

<h1>Page 09</h1>

<br></br>What are the consequences of subchondral bones rubbing together in osteoarthritis?

A

Pain, swelling, and loss of motion.

44
Q

<h1>Page 10</h1>

<br></br>Where is the University of Adelaide located?

A

In Australia.

45
Q

<h1>Page 10</h1>

<br></br>Who is the author of the Principles of Pathophysiology eBook?

A

Shane Bullock; M.

46
Q

<h1>Page 11</h1>

<br></br>What is the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis?

A

The process or mechanism that leads to the development of osteoarthritis.

47
Q

<h1>Page 12</h1>

<br></br>What is the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis?

A

The process or series of events that lead to the development of osteoarthritis.

48
Q

<h1>Page 13</h1>

<br></br>Where is the University of Adelaide located?

A

In Australia.

49
Q

<h1>Page 13</h1>

<br></br>Who is the author of the Principles of Pathophysiology eBook?

A

Shane Bullock; M. Hales.

50
Q

<h1>Page 13</h1>

<br></br>In which year was the Principles of Pathophysiology eBook published?

A

2018.

51
Q

<h1>Page 14</h1>

<br></br>What are the clinical manifestations of osteoarthritis?

A

Joint pain, joint stiffness, worsens with overuse, cycle of inactivity from pain and altered mobility.

52
Q

<h1>Page 14</h1>

<br></br>Which joints are commonly affected by osteoarthritis?

A

Hip, knees, cervical/lumbar spine, and hands.

53
Q

<h1>Page 15</h1>

<br></br>What are the clinical manifestations of osteoarthritis?

A

Pain, stiffness, swelling, and decreased range of motion in the affected joint.

54
Q

<h1>Page 16</h1>

<br></br>Why is it difficult to diagnose early stages of osteoarthritis?

A

Due to the difficulty in detecting clinical symptoms and signs.

55
Q

<h1>Page 16</h1>

<br></br>What methods are used for the diagnosis of osteoarthritis?

A

Clinical examination and radiographic changes (x-ray + MRI).

56
Q

<h1>Page 16</h1>

<br></br>What are some radiographic changes associated with osteoarthritis?

A

Subchondral cyst, osteophytes (no fusion), calcified cartilage, and joint space narrowing.

57
Q

<h1>Page 17</h1>

<br></br>Are there currently any treatments available to prevent the development or progression of osteoarthritis?

A

No, there are no current treatments available.

58
Q

<h1>Page 18</h1>

<br></br>Where can the Principles of Pathophysiology eBook be found?

A

On VitalSource Bookshelf.

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