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ABSN Cohort 19 > NURS322 Final > Flashcards

NURS322 Final Flashcards

1
Q

3 Causing Factors for Dz in eye

A

injury
disease
aging

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2
Q

3 Eye Dz’s

A

Macular Degeneration
Cataracts
Glaucoma

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3
Q

Macular Degeneration
AKA?
Cure?
#1 Cause of…?

A

Age-related MD
NO CURE
Vision Loss > 60y/o

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4
Q

2 Types Macular Degeneration and Fx

A

Dry - most common, ■ retinal/capillary arteries r/in ischemic/necrotic macula
Wet - new growth of blood vessels w/ thin walls that leak. OCCURS @ any age

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5
Q

Macular Degeneration Nutritional Risk Factors (2)

A

↓ Carotene and Vitamin A

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6
Q

MD 3 S/S

A

↓ Depth perception, distorted, and blurred vision

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7
Q

Interventions for MD?

A

NONE

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8
Q

Snellen Test HowTo and

Interpretation

A

Pt stand 20 feet and cover 1 eye
example: 20/50 what pt can see @ 20, a healthy eye can @ 50 ft.
↑ second number, worse vision

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9
Q

MD 2 Diagnostic Tests

A

Opthalmoscopy and Visual Acuity (Snellen/Rosenbaum)

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10
Q

MD Education (4)

A

Eat antioxidants, carotene, VitA, B12
Get exams yearly
↓ ADL’s as dz progresses
Get assist services

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11
Q

Foods with… (3 ea)
Carotene
VitA (shares w/ Carotene)
B12

A

Carrots, sweet potato, dark leafies

Shellfish, liver, fish

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12
Q

Cataracts
▲ in…? and Fx?

3 Key S/S

A

Opacity of lens of eye r/in impaired vision

Diplopia - double vision
Photosensitivity
Ø red reflex

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13
Q

3 Types of Cataracts

A

Subscapular - back to front
Nuclear - center out
Cortical - outside (cortex) in

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14
Q

Key Risk Factors Cataracts (4)

A

UV exposure
Chronic Steroid Use
DM
Trauma

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15
Q

How to Diagnose Cataracts (2)

A

Looking at it &

Opthalmascope

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16
Q

Surgical removal of Cataracts contraindicated in…? (2)

A

Infection and bleeding

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17
Q

Cataract pts should report… (4)

A

Infection (yellow/green drainage)
Hemorrhage
Pain w/ nausea/vomiting
Sudden swelling, light, shapes

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18
Q

Time until vision returns post-cataract op

A

4 - 6 weeks

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19
Q

What to avoid post-eye op w/ 3 examples

A

IOP increasing actions (straining, tilting head back in shower, sex)

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20
Q

What is Glaucoma?
Education focuses on…?
S/S (2) Fx…?
IOP Reference Range

A

Disturbance of optic nerve (Leading cause of blindness)
Education on early detection >40 y/o
↓ drainage ↑ secretion fx IOP
10 - 21 mm/Hg

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21
Q

2 Types of Glaucoma and Fx’s

+Key S/S (3 ea)

A

Open-angle - most common, angle b2in iris/sclera opens
↓ aqueous outflow which ↑ IOP
↓ Periphery and accommodation (IOP > 21)
Angle-Closure/Closed-Angle - Suuden ↑ IOP b/c same angle closes
SUDDEN ↑ IOP w/ Halos and PAIN

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22
Q

Risk Factors (3) Glaucoma

A

Age, infx, tumors

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23
Q

Diagnostics (3) Glaucoma

A

Visual Acuity
Tonometry - IOP
Gonioscopy - drainage

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24
Q

Eye Drops How to (5)

A 
q12h
if > 1 drop at a time, wait 10 - 15 min b2in drops
Pull down bottom lid, drop
Push on punctum
Lay for 10 minutes
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25
Q

Glaucoma Surgery
Check IOP?
Contraindication?

A

Check IOP 1 - 2 hours pre-op

Contraindicated in blindness

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26
Q

Glaucoma med:
Pilocarpine
Route, Type, and Fx (2)

A

DROP
Miotic
Constricts pupil and ↑ circulation

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27
Q

Glaucoma med:
Diamox
Route (2), Type, and Fx

A

DROP
Betablocker/Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibtor
↓ IOP by ↓ aqueous humor

PO
Acetazolamide
Pre-OP ↓ IOP pDilating pupils/eye paralysis to stop movement

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28
Q

Glaucoma med:
Mannitol
Route, Type, and Fx

A

IV
Osmotic Diuretic
in ER to quickly ↓ IOP

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29
Q

Glaucoma med:
Predisolone Acetate
Route, Type, and Fx

A

DROP
Ocular Steroid
↓ inflammation

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30
Q

What to check if giving Acetazolamides?

A

Acetazolmaids are sulfa-based meds.

ASK ABOUT SULFA ALLERGIES BEFORE USING.

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31
Q

Middle Ear ▲ are b/c (3) and are caused by (3)

A

thickening TM
↓ sensory hairs in Organ of Corti
↓ ossicular bone movement

Injury, Dz, Aging

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32
Q

Otitis Media, fx, how to tx (2)

A

Middle Ear Infx
Inflammation of ossicles
Antibiotics or surgery

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33
Q

Middle Ear 3 Key R/F

A

Reccurent colds, enlarged adenoids, ▲ air pressure

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34
Q

Otitis Media 3 S/S

A

▲ TM
Feeling full
Pain in ear

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35
Q

3 Inner Ear Dzs and Fx

A

Tinnitus - ringing, whirling, dizziness
Labyrinthitis - infx labyrinth (2ndary Otitis Media)
Meniere’s - Tinnitus, Unilateral Sensorineural Hearing Loss, and Vertigo

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36
Q

Inner Ear 2 R/F

A

Viral/Bacterial Infx

Ototoxic Medications

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37
Q

Inner Ear Dz 4 Key S/S

A

Tinnitus
Nausea/Vomitting
Nystagmus - involuntary eye movement (regular when looking far though!)
Poor Balance

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38
Q

Ear Diagnostic Procedures (4)

A

Tympanogram
Otoscopy
Electronystagomography (ENG)
Caloric Testing

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39
Q

Tympanogram measures…?

A

TM/middle ear structure mobility w/ sound

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40
Q

Otoscopy is used to examine (3)
Procedure for adults vs. children.
Light reflexes R vs L

A

external canal, TM, and malleus (through TM)
Adults: Up Back
Children: Down Back
Right 5:00, Left 7:00 (towards front basically)

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41
Q

ENG 3 steps

2 pre-op notes (4 no no’s and key device?)

A

Electrode eyes, stimulate ear with air/water
Ask simple questions
Keep bedrest/NPO until Ø vertigo

FAST pre-op.
No caffeine, alcohol, sedatives, or antihistamines
Ø for pts with pacemaker

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42
Q

Caloric Testing

A

Diff. temp H2O in pt ear, watch eyes.

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43
Q

Ear care.
Monitor…?
Evaluate…?
Encourage…?

A

Balance
Home situation
Rising slowly w/ assistive devices

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44
Q

4 Ototoxic medications > 5 days

A

Antibiotics
Diuretics
NSAIDs
Chemtherapeutic Agents

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45
Q

How to reduce vertigo. Amigo! (5)

A 
↓ stimulation
↓ caffeine/alcohol
↓ Na intake
↑ assistive devices
Monitor fluid intake
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46
Q

Eye: Floating spots are a key S/S of…?

A

Retinal Detachment

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47
Q

Smoking Fx on vertigo?

A

Ø

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48
Q

Middle Ear Dz on Light Reflex

A

They’re gone

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49
Q

Ear Med:
Meclizine
Type, Tx for…? Contraindication? Warning?

A

Antihistamine
Vertigo/inner ear problems
Ø open-angle glaucoma
It sedates

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50
Q

Ear Med:
Droperidol (Inapsine)
Type. Tx for…? 3 Warnings?

A

Antiemetic
Nausea/Vomiting
HypoTN, tachycardia, ▲ position quickly

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51
Q

Ear Med:
Scopolamine (Transderm Scop)
Type, Tx for…? 3 Warnings?

A

Anticholinergic
Nausea/Vomiting r/t inner ear dz
URT, sedation, ↑ IOP (care w/ open-angle)

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52
Q

Diuretics fx on Ear

A

↓ semicircular fluids

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53
Q

Ear Surgical Procedures (3)

A

Stapedectomy
Choclear Implant
Labyrinthectomy

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54
Q

What is a Stapedectomy?

Target pts, asses for? How is hearing post-op?

A

remove/replace stapes
Pts with otosclerosis (fused bones) middle ear
Facial nerve dmg
Initially worse

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55
Q

What is a cochlear implant?

A

Implanted microphone behind ear that converts sound into impulses to auditory nerve

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56
Q

What is a Labyrinthectomy?

Post-Op fx? Expected finding?

A

Removal of labyrinth
SEVERE nausea/vertigo post-op
Hearing loss is EXPECTED in affected ear

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57
Q

4 MusculoSkeletal Diagnostic Procedures

A

Arthroscopy
Nuclear Scans (bone, gallium, thallium)
Dual X-Ray Absorptiometry Scans (DX)
Electromyography (EMG)

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58
Q

What is an arthroscopy?
2 Contraindications?
3 Post-Op notes

A

Physical incision around joint for visualization
Ø with inflammation or pt can’t bend joint 40 degrees
Provide ice
Monitor site
Notify ▲ swelling, pain, infx
SWELLING IS NOT EXPECTED

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59
Q 
What is an Electromyography (EMG)?
EMG vs. Nerve conduction study?
Detects 3 Dzs?
Ø if pt is taking (2)?
3 Expectations?
A

Needling/shocking to detect muscle weakness
Nerve conduction done with pads
Neuromuscular, motor neuron, and peripheral nerve dz
Pt taking anticoagulants/muscle relaxants
Discomfort, flex while needle inserted (ease), bruising @ sites

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60
Q

BONE scans?
Injection time.
Detects…? (3)

GALLIUM/THALLIUM scan r/t BONE SCAN.
Injection Time.
Detects+…? (3)

How long does scan take? May require?

A

Entire skeletal system
2 - 3 hrs
Fractures, tumors, Bone dz

↑ sensitivity
4 - 6 hrs
Brain, liver, breast dz

30 - 60 minutes, may require sedation.

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61
Q

Assess before Bone scans?

A

Radioisotope Allergies

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62
Q

Bone scan post-op encourage?

A

Drinking fluids to excrete radioisotopes

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63
Q

What is Dual X-Ray Absorptiometry (DXA)
WHY DO I LOVE IT?! (3)
Pre-Assess for and remove…?

A

Estimates density of bone map (hip/spine) and presence of osteoporosis
Non-invasive, Ø contrast, Ø sedation
Metallic objects

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64
Q

Osteoclasts vs. Osteoblasts

A

Resorption vs. Formation

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65
Q

Bone density age peak range

▲ r/t postmenopause?

A

18 - 30 y/o

↑ LOSS b/c Ø estrogen

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66
Q

Prevention

2 Foods to eat

A

Calcium - milk, beans
Vitamin D - fish, egg yolks
Ø carbonated beverages

Sun 5 - 30 min/week
↑ Weight lifting

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67
Q

S/S Osteoporosis (5)

A

↓ height, ROM
↑ pain, hx fractures
Kyphosis

68
Q

Bone Labs (5)
First 4 rule out…? (2)
Last 2 rule out…? (1)

A

Ca, VitD, P
Alkaline P - Rule out Paget’s/Osteomalacia
T3/T4
Serum proteins - Rule out Hyperthyroidism

69
Q

7 Bone meds and Fx

A 
Thyroid (calcitonine) ↓ bone resorption
Teriparatide (Forte) - ↑ bone formation
Estrogen
Estrogen Agonists - ↓ osteoclast activity
Ca - ↑ strong bones
VitD - ↑ bone reformation
BiPhosphates - ↓#osteoclasts
70
Q

2 Bone Surgical Interventions

A

Arthroplasty - joint repair

Kyphoplasty - Vertebroplasty

71
Q

Most Hip fractures are b/c?

A

OSTEOPOROSIS DAMMIT!!!

72
Q

Timing of Physical Therapy for Osteopts?

73
Q

> 3 glasses of wine a day and ↑↓ BMI r/in?

74
Q

Bedfast pt Bone Education (4)

A 
About...
Skin breakdown
Posture/Mechanics
How to Log roll
Heat/Back rubs for relaxation
75
Q

Paget’s Dz

Osteomalacia

A

abnormal bone destruction

soft bones

76
Q

Open vs. Closed Fractures

A

Break skin surface vs. Ø break skin surface
Open grades…
1 - minimal skin dmg
2 - skin/muscle contusions
3 - dmg to skin, muscle, nerves, blood vessles

77
Q 
Fracture types
Complete
Simple
Comminuted
Displaced
Non-Discplaced
Fatigue
Compression
A 
split in 2!
1 line
multiple pieces
fragments Ø aligned
fragments aligned
r/t athletics
r/t loading for on bone (common osteoporosis)
78
Q 
Fracture types
Oblique
Spiral
Impacted
Greenstick
A

Ø90 degree angle
twisting motion (physical abuse)
1 bone wedged into other
1 side Ø extend through whole bone (children)

79
Q

5 Types of Immobilization Devices

A 
Casts
Traction
Splints
Internal
External Fixation
80
Q

Casts
3 lengths
3 types
2 material weight/dry time

A

short, long, leg
walking, spica (congenital hip dysplasia in kids), body (encircle strunk)
Plaster of Paris - heavy 24-72 hr dry
Synthetic Fiberglass - light 30min dry

81
Q

Moleskin

A

Used where casts rub against client skin

82
Q 
Cast
Assess what? and time intervals?
Ice time interval?
Handle with...? (body part)
Air quality (2)
Wear what until completely dry?
What to do if damage?
A 
Neurologic checks Qhr (1st 24hr) then q4hr
q24-48hrs
palms
warm dry air
Gloves
Record outline, date, and time of damage
83
Q

Things to report r/t casts (5)

A 
painful hotspots
S/S infx
SOB
Breakdown
Constipation
84
Q

Traction
2 Classifications
2 Types
Ensure what are in place? time interval?

A

Straight/running - line
Balanced - slings w/ ropes

Manual - pulling w/ hands
Skin - w/ weights (Bucks/Bryants)

Weights, q8-12hrs

85
Q

Traction

Notify provider if…?

A

pain unrelieved by meds/repositioning

86
Q

Pin care time interval

2 types of meds given

A

1 - 2 times a day

Antibiotics and Opiods

87
Q

What to assess for w/ pins (3)

A

infx
loosening of pins
tenting @ pinsite

88
Q

Immobilizers are?

Key trait?

A

Splints and slings (Ø casts!)

Removable in case of swelling

89
Q

Open Reduction (Internal Fixation)

A

Installation of pins inside body which can be removed later

90
Q

6 Fracture Complications

A 
Compartment Syndrome (ACS)
Fat Embolisms
DVT
Osteomyelitis
Avascular Necrosis
Failure to Heal
91
Q

Compartment Syndrome (ACS)
5Ps
2 Txs

A

Swelling in cast r/in ischemia/edema cycle (w/in 4 - 6 hrs) b/c ↓ circulation
Pain, paralysis, parethesia, pallor, pulelessness
Uni/Bivalve cuts
Fasciotomy - cutting skin for pressure relief

92
Q

Fat Embolism

3 key S/S

A

> 70 - 80 y/o injury,
fat travels from bone to lungs
Dyspnea, ↓ LoC, cutaneous petechiae (pinpoint hemorrhages late sign)

93
Q

DVT 3 Tx’s

A

Early ambulation
SCD stockings
Anti-coagulants

94
Q

Osteomylitis
3 S/S and diff. if chronic.

2 Diagnostic tools
4Txs

A

infx of bone r/in inflammation
pain, fever, ↑WBCS
S/S disappear if infx is CHRONIC

Bone scans, cultures

3 mo Antibiotics
Surgical debridement/antibiotic implantment
Hyperbaric O2
Amputation

95
Q

Avascular Necrosis

What is it common w/?

A

circulatory compromise b/c fracture

common w/ hip fractures

96
Q 
Failure to Heal
2 Types (+2 fixes for last one)
A

Ø healed in 6 monthers
Malunion - improper healng
Nonunion - just not healing
Electrical stimulation and bone grafting

97
Q

parasthesia

A

numbness/thingling

98
Q

Angina

A

pain b/c ↓ blood flow to ♥

99
Q

Myocardial Infarction.

Death ETA?

A

Ischemia/Necrosis of ♥ muscles b/c artery occlusion

Death ETA w/in 1 hr.

100
Q

♥ Failure (HF) and 3 R/F

A

inefficient ♥ pumping b/c…
↓ output
hypertrophy
systemic congestion

101
Q

Valvular ♥ Dz’s

A

Abnormality in 1/4 or multiple ♥ valves

102
Q

4 Types of ♥ inflammatory responses

A

Pericarditis
Mycarditis
Rheumatic Endocarditis
Infective Endocarditis

103
Q

HOW TO PREVENT ALL ♥ PROBLEMS?! (4)

A

Stay active
Maintain ↓ cholesterol/BP
Eat ↓ Na/Saturated Fats
Stop smoking.

104
Q

Angina Pectoris

3 sensations

A

(aka chest pain) 1st s/s angina

squeezing, heavy pressure, constriction

105
Q

3 Types of Angina and traits

A

Stable (exertional) - w/ stress (tx nitroglycerin if pain > 15 minutes)
Unstable (preinfarction) - like above, but frequency and level ↑ over time
Variant Angina (Prinzmetals) - r/t coronary artery spasms when resting

106
Q

Risk Factors for Angina/MI (7)

A 
post-menopausal ♀
HTN
Tobacco use
↑Lipidemia
\+Meth/Cocaine
Stresssed
Old
107
Q

2 Key S/S Angina/MI

A

Anxiety of impending doom

Crushing jaw to R arm pain

108
Q

Angina/MI labs and time window before gone

109
Q

4 Angina/MI Diagnostics and what to ask before starting

A

ECG - evaluate PQRST
Stress Test - evaluate tolerance to activity
Thallium - assess ischemia/necrosis (cold spots)
Catheterization (coronary angiogram)
Iodine/Shellfish allergy (in contrast media)

110
Q

is ♥ ischemia reversible?

111
Q

♥ Issue Monitoring Solve all (6)

A 
q15min until stable.... then qHr
ECG monitoring
Urine output hourly
O2 ( 2 - 4 L/min)
IV access
Energy Conservation
112
Q

♥ Meds (3) and Fx

A

Nitroglycerin (Vasodilator) - ↓ preload/afterload, 2 doses/5 minutes
Morphine (Analgesic) - pain r/in constipation
Metoprolol (B■) - ↓ HTN, ↑ Survival Rate.
Causes bradycardia/HypoHTN so Øgive if pulse

113
Q

♥ Blood Thinners (4)

A

Streptovase/Activase (Thrombolytic Agents) - clot break
Aspirin (Antiplatelet Agent) - watch for bleeding and PUD, Tinnitus = toxicity!!!
Heparin (Anticoagulant) - ↓ clot growth/formation
Glycoprotein IIb/IIa’s

114
Q

3 Platelet Labs to monitor when giving thinners and normal ranges

A

PT 11 - 14
PTT 25 - 35 seconds
INR 0.8 - 1.2

↑ time = bad!

115
Q

Angina/MI Surgical Options (2)

A 
Percuanteous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty (PTCA)
Bypass Graft (CABG)
116
Q

Angina/MI complications that simply require O2 admin and provider notification

A

Acute MI - when Ø fixed by Nitro w/in 15 minutes
Ischemic Mitral Regugitation - development of murmur
Ventricular Aneurysm/Rupture - sudden chest pain and HypoHTN

117
Q

HF/Cardiogenic Shock and proper reactions (3)

A

Serious pump failure (40% blockage)
Intubation
Ventilation
Med. Administration

118
Q

Dysrhythmias, med to give in reaction and what to prepare

A

Anti-dysrhymthmics and a Pacemaker

119
Q

4 Classes of HF

A

1 - no S/S with activity
2 - S/S ordinary exertion
3 - S/S minimal exertion
4 - SITTING? DIE!!!

120
Q

3 S/S Low-Output Failure (L or R?)

A

L ventricle pump inefficiency, this r/in…

Systolic HF -

121
Q

R-sided HF key S/S

A

peripheral edema

122
Q

LHF Risk factors (4)

A

HTN
CAD
MI
Angina

123
Q

RHF Risk Factors (2)

A

COPD

Pulmonary Fibrosis

124
Q

HOutput-Failure Risk Factor

A

↑ metabolic needs
↑ fever
↑thyroidism

125
Q

Cardiomyopathy Risk Factors (4)

A

Infection, Cancer Tx, Alcohol, FHx

126
Q

S/S LHF (3)

A

Dyspnea
Fatigue
S3 Gallop

127
Q

S/S RHF (3)

A

JVP, edema, weight gain

128
Q

4 Types Cardiomyopathy

A

Dilated (most common)
Hypertrophic
Arrhythmogenic R Ventricle
Restrictive

129
Q

Key S/S Cardiomyopathy

A

Cardiomegaly (↑♥ size)

130
Q

What 2 conditions mask presence of ♥ failure in older pts?

A

Lung Dz and Kidney Failure

131
Q

HF Labs/Diagnostics and importance (6)

A 
Human B-type HBNP
↓ 100 pg/mL = good
100 -300 = present HF
> 300 = mild
> 600 = moderate
> 900 = severe
Hemodynamic Monitoring - HF r/in ↑ acronyms (CVP, PAWP, PAP, CO) but ↓ SvO2 (venous o2 sat.)
Ultrasound - 
Normal L pump 55 - 70%
Normal R pump = 45 - 60%
Transesophageal Echocardiography (TEE) - transduser in esophagus views ♥
Chest X-Rays
ECGs
132
Q

8 HF Meds (2 important fxs)

A 
Diuretics
ACE inhibitors
Anticoagulants
Vasodilators
B■
Inotropics - ↑ caridac output (digoxin)
Human B-peptides - ↑ Na loss/vasodialtion
133
Q

What does a Ventricular Assist Device (VAD) do?

A

pumps ♥ for pt

134
Q

Why is Pulmonary Edema dangerous

A

accumulation of fluid in alveoli/lungs r/in HF

135
Q

2 Types Pulmonary Edema (PE) and causes

A

Noncardiac - b/c opiate OD, inhaled irritants, rapid IV

Neurogenic - b/c head injury

136
Q

What to treat Acute Edema with?

A 
HF meds (8 of them)
Diuretics
ACE inhibitors
Anticoagulants
Vasodilators
B■
Inotropics - ↑ caridac output (digoxin)
Human B-peptides - ↑ Na loss/vasodialtion
137
Q

Pericardial Tamponade and 2 S/S

Counter Tx? and prep for…?

A

fluid accumulation in pericardial sac
HypoTN and JVP
Administer fluids to aocunter HypoHTN
Prep for Pericardiocentesis

138
Q

Valve stenosis vs insufficiency

A

valve narrowing / improper closure

139
Q

Ventricular Heart Dz (VHF) 3 types

Symptomatic when?

A

Degenerative - mechanical stress
Rheumatic - gradual calcification/fibrotic ▲
Infective - Infx (commonly strep)

Asymptomatic until late in Dz!

140
Q

TricuspidS vs TricuspidI

A

D murmur w/ atrial dysrhythmia

S murmur w/ tachcardia/flutters

141
Q

PulmonaryS vs PulmonaryI

A

S murmur w/ angina/cyanosis

D murmur w/ split S2

142
Q

MitralS vs MitralI

A

D murmur w/ edema s/s

S murmur w/ edema s/s

143
Q

AorticS vs AorticI

A

S murmur w/ narrowed pulse

S murmur w/ widened pulse

144
Q

Valvular Dz 5 Surgical Interventions

A 
Percutaneous Baloon Valvuloplasty - fuse balloon with commisures
Repair
Reconstructure
Comissurotomy
Annuloplasty Ring Insertion
145
Q

How long does a Prosthetic Valve last?

A

10 - 15 years

146
Q

R/F ♥ Inflammation (6)

A 
Strep Infx
IV drug use
Valve replacement
Overcrowding
Being Poor
147
Q

What is Pericarditis and key S/S (2)

A

inflammation pericaridum common w/ MI/Respiratory infx,

S/S HF when leaning forward, Ø murmur

148
Q

What is Myocarditis and key S/S (2)

A

inflammation myocardium

S/S HF w/ murmur

149
Q

Rheumatic Endocarditis and key S/S (4)

A

infx endocardium w/ strep r/t URinfx.

S/S lesions, spasms, SOB, rash

150
Q

What is Infective Endocarditis and key (2) S/S

A

infx endocardium w/ staph r/t druggies

S/S fever/flus with spliner hemorrhages on nails

151
Q

Inflammation Labs (3)

A

Culture - Ø administer med until post-culture!!!
↑ WBC
↑ ESR/CRP

152
Q

Inflammation (2) Diagnostic Tools

A

ECG

Echocardiograph

153
Q

NSAID fx on platelets?

A

lowers em’

154
Q

Valve r/t weight gain?

155
Q

Phantom pain meds (4)

and pain reduction action pts can do

A

B■ (propranolol) - dull/burning
Antieleptics (gabapentin/carbamezepin) - sharp!
Antispasmotics
Antidepressants

Press limb toward bed pillow

156
Q

Inisional pain med?

A

Analgesics

157
Q

Amputee prone position time?

What about legs?

A

q3-4hrs for 20 - 30 minutes unless otherwise

Contract glutes baby!

158
Q

Stages HTN (5)

A

Normal 180 / >110

159
Q

♥ Assessment Anatomical Landmarks (6)

A

Aortic area- 2nd ICS, R-sternal border
Pulmonic area- 2nd ICS, L-sternal border
Erb’s point- 3rd ICS, L-sternal border
Tricuspid area- 5th ICS, L-sternal border
Mitral area (apex)- 5th ICS, L-midclavicular line
PMI at 5th ICS L-midclavicular line

160
Q 
Buergers Dz (what, s/s, tx)
Raynauds Dz (what, s/s, tx)
A

Occlusive small arteries/veins
First S/S claudification
vasodilation

Vasospasms aterioles UE and LE
S/S pallor/cyanosis

161
Q 
Normal values:
CK - MB
Troponin I
Troponin T
Myoglobin
162
Q

Normal values:
BUN
Creatinine
Blood Glucose

A

10 - 20
0.5 - 1.5
70 - 120

163
Q 
Normal Values:
Na
K
CA
Mg
P
Cl
A 
135 - 145
3.5 - 5
9 - 10.5
1.3 - 21.
3.0 - 4.5
98 - 106
164
Q 
Normal Values:
Urine Specific Gravity
UNa
UK
UCl
UOsmo
A 
1.00 - 1.03
75 - 200
26 - 123
110 - 250
200 - 800
165
Q 
Normal Values:
T3
T4
HDL
LDL
ADH
A

70 - 205
4 - 12
> 50

166
Q 
Normal Values:
WBC
RBC
Hgb
Hct
A

4k - 10k
4.6 - 5.5
13.5 - 15.5
39 - 49

167
Q 
Normal Values:
Platelets
PT
PTT
INR
A

140 - 400
11 - 14
23 - 35
0.8 - 1.2

ABSN Cohort 19 (28 decks)

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