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ABSN Cohort 19 > NURS316 Final > Flashcards

NURS316 Final Flashcards

1
Q

Bronchodilator for acute asthmatic attacks

+AKA and 1 example

A

Sympathomimetics
Beta-2 Adrenergic Agonists
Albuterol

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2
Q

Prototype drug anti-acute bronchoconstriction

A

Salmeterol (Serevent)

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3
Q

C/o wheezing/breathlessness in acute asthmatic attacks

A

histamine response r/in swelling in tissues, obstructing air flow

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4
Q

Medication for long-term emphysema tx

A

Beta-2 Selective Adrenergic Agonists

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5
Q

Contraindicated drug when tx’ing asthmatic pts with glaucoma

A

Anticholinergics

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6
Q

Steroid inhalers + fx on asthma and COPD (2)

A

↓ inflammatory

↑ bronchodilation

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7
Q

Open vs Tension pneumothorax (3 ea)

A 
Open
Less threatening
Inhaled air compresses lung
Lung re-flats somewhat w/ exhalation
Closed
Life threatening
Air enters, but doesn't leave
Air pressurizes organs in thoracic cage
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8
Q

Why are pneumothoraxes are life threatening

What happens and fx what? (2)

A

Air in pleural space collapses lung and fx ventilation

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9
Q

Sympathomimetic meds vs airway dz? (fx + 3 r/in)

Fight v. Flight

A

Mimics Sympathetic NS which r/in
dilation bronchi
↑ RR
↑ Depth

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10
Q

Major cause of chronic bronchitis

A

Smoking

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11
Q

Fx antitussives? and condition used to tx?

A

Ø cough reflex

Control a non-productive cough

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12
Q

Important education about antitussives?

They are…? and 2Øs

A

They are CNS depressants

Ø drive/perform activities of alertness

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13
Q

3 Tx for allergic rhinitis

A

Topical nasal decongestants
Topical nasal steroid decongestants
Oral decongestants

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14
Q

Important education about OTC medications

A

Read the labels!

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15
Q

3 Sputum thinning medications to to make non-productive cough, productive?

A

Mucolytics for tracheostomies
Pulmozyme for cystic fibrosis
PO Guaifenesin (Mucinex)

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16
Q

Upper Respiratory med. for swollen airways r/t flu/cold?

Important education about this med?

A

Topical nasal decongestants

MORE is NOT better!

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17
Q

2-long acting Beta-2 Agonist Inhalers

A

Albuterol (Proventil) ***

Salmeterol (Serevemt) ***

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18
Q

2 Anticholinergic Inhalers

frequencies and routes for…? (2, 1)

A 
Ipratropium (Atrovent)
tid inhale COPD
spray rhinorrhea
Tiotropium (Spirivia) 
QD COP
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19
Q

Corticosteroid inhalers fx and an example

A

Tx/prevent asthma
substitute for pts who Ø respond to traditional bronchodilators

Beclomethasone (Beclovent) ***

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20
Q

Which lipoprotein when elevated ↓% CAD

A

HDL

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21
Q

Type of medication: Ezetimide (Zetia)

and mechanism of action

A

Cholesterol Absorption Inhibitor

↓ absorption of cholesterol

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22
Q

2 Common AdFx of HMG CoA Reductase Inhibitors (Statins)

4 S/S of 2nd AdFx

A

Cramps

Rhabomylosis - S/S cola urine, muscle myalgia (stiffness and weakness), seizures, weight gain

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23
Q

2 Fx Vascular Endothelium.

What is secreted?

A

Creates compounds of vasodilation/constriction
Modulates blood flow and vascular reactivity

Nitric Oxide

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24
Q

S/S RHF (Right ♥ Failure)

A

Jugular Vein Distention (JVD)… basically ↓ blood flow

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25
Q

2 S/S Chronic Venouse Insufficiency

Appearance ▲s?

A

Varicose veins/Venous Ulcers

Nectrotic, shiny bluish brown skin

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26
Q

CHF and 3 Tx (w/ fx)

A

♥ fails to effectively pump blood (common Left ventricle)
Vasodilators ↓ workload
Diuretics ↓ afterload volume
Beta-Adrenergic Agonists ↑contraction via SNS

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27
Q

Cardiac output = X times Y?

A

HR x Stroke Volume

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28
Q

Preload
Afterload
and Myocaridal Contractility

A

Blood in ♥ @ end of diastole to be pumped
Resistance blood that ♥ has to beat against
AKA Inotropy, ability of filaments to shorten against load

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29
Q

What is Pulmonary Edema and 2 hallmark S/S

A

Fluid overload
crackles
pink frothy sputum

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30
Q

Betablockers end in?

+ 3 examples

A

LOL
Metoprolol (Lopsressor)
Nadolol (Corgard)
Propranolol (Inderal)

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31
Q

Contraindicators for administering beta-blockers (3)

A

Respiratory bronchospasm, dyspnea, cough

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32
Q

♥ condition contraindication w/ beta-blockers and what to monitor

A

CHF, mpmotpr RR

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33
Q

Therapeutic fx of beta-blockers on pts w/ myocaridal infarctions

A

↓ Angina by ↑ force of contraction (Inotropic effect)

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34
Q

Calcium channel blockers end with…?

And an example

A

PINE

Diltiazem (Cardizem)

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35
Q

ACE Inhibitors end with…?

And example prototype

A

IL

Captopril (Capoten)

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36
Q

ACE Inhibitor fx and how?

A

↓ HTN

by converting Angiotensin 1 to Angiotensin 2

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37
Q

Angiotensin 2 Receptor Blockers (2) end with..?

and example prototype

A

ARTAN

Losartan (Cozaar)

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38
Q

ARBS are indicated for (2)

A

HTN and HF

39
Q

Cardiomyopathy w/ disorganizaed, thickened, and ineffective contractile proteins

A

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

40
Q

Most common S/S Cardiomyopathy

and mechanism of body used to counter-act it

A

dynsea

Compensatory mechanism

41
Q

Components of Stroke Volume (4)

A

Preload, afterload, myocardial contractility, and HR

42
Q

Preload is…?

Imposes…?

A

Volume

Load on heart pre-contraction

43
Q

Afterload is…?

Imposes…? (2)

A

Resistance

HTN and Vasoconstriction

44
Q

How to measure Pre-Load

measurment and reference range

A

Central Venous Pressure

Normal CVP = 3 - 5 mmHg

45
Q

Vasodilators fx on Afterload?
Medical term of resistance (SVR)
Measure using?

A

↓
Systemic Vascular Resistance
MAP

46
Q

Fx of Digoxin on ♥ in/r to HF?

A

↑ myocardial contraction
↓ HR
negative chronotrophic fx (aka Bradycardia and ↓ stroke volume)

47
Q

Phosphodiesterase inhibitors use and example w/ route

A

Short-term management of HF for adults recieving digoxin and diuretics. Has severe Adfx!
Milrinone (Primacor) - IV only immediate onset

48
Q

AdFx to monitor for when using PhosphoInhibitors

A

Monitor for ↓ platelet levels

49
Q

3 Types of Coronary Artery Ischemic Dz

A

Chronic stable angina
Silent myocardial ischemia
Variant/Vasopastic Angina

50
Q

Lethal arrhythmia commonly w/ cardial muscle ischemia

A

Ventricular Fibrillation

51
Q

S/S Angina (2)

A

Pain in substernal area of chest

Pain in Epigastric (not to be confused with indigestion!)

52
Q

Warfarin (Coumadin) fx and therapeutic levels affected (INR/PT)

A

anticoagulant that stops prothrombin
INR 2 - 3.5
PT 1.3 - 1.5

53
Q

PT

A

Prothrombin Time

54
Q

Urokinase (Abbokinase) what is…? and fx.

A

Thrombolytic Agent

Breaks down fibrin clots

55
Q

Heparin Fx
What to monitor (3)
Labs to consider (3)
Antidote to neutralize?

A

↓ clot formation by blocking prothrombin/fibrin
↑ BP, HR, and bleeding
PT, PTT, INR
Protamine Sulfate

56
Q

Don’t give aspirin if pt is…? (2)

A

Excessively bleeding or has Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD)

57
Q

Medication for hemophilia and fx.

Prototype and brand name of medication.

A 
Desmopressine Hormone (DDVAP)
Pressor/Antiduretic Fx
Antihemophilic factor (Xyntha)
58
Q

What is Aminocarporic Acid (Amicar) and Fx

Tx for…?

A

Only systemic hemostatic agent available!!!
Tx for excessive bleeding in hyperfibrinolytic states

Management of acute, life threatening hemorrhage (Subarachnoid)

59
Q

R/F Open-Angle Glaucoma (2)

A

> 40 yrs/o and Diabetes

60
Q

Medications for open-angle glaucoma (5)

A 
1st choice: Beta Blockers (↓ production of aqueous humor)
then...
Adrenergic Agonists
Prostaglandins
Diamox (carbonic Anhydrase inhibitor)
Cholinergic Agonists
61
Q

Instructions for pts using beta-blocker eye drops?

A

Lay down for 10 min after using drops to avoid orthostatic HTN

62
Q

S/S Meniere’s Dz (3)

A

Vertigo, tinnitus, ↓ hearing

63
Q

Medications for ear disorders (2) and routes

A

Dramamine (OTC PO)

Scopolamine (anticholinergeric prescription)

64
Q

Other middle ear disorders (6)

A 
Eustacian Tube obstruction
Acute Otitis Media
Adhesive Otitis Media
Otosclerosis
Cholesteatoma
Mastoiditis
65
Q

Education for pts with tympanoplasty on antibiotics

A

FINISH YOUR DAM PRESCRIPTION

66
Q

Education for pts using eye drops

A

Pressure on punctum and lie down for 10 minutes to avoid ortho. HTN

67
Q

Diagnostic procedure contraindicated for pts with penetrating eye surgery

A

MRI b/c it it r/in severe pain

68
Q

Calcium Channel blockers end in…?

except for..?

A

IPINE

Verapamil amd Diltiazem (Cardizem, Dilacor CR)(prototype))

69
Q

ACE Inhibitors end in…?

Prototype?

A

IL

Captopril (Capoten)

70
Q

Beta Blockers end in…?

Prototype?

A

LOL

Metoprolol (Lopressor)

71
Q

3 Anti-anginal Agents

A

Metoprolol (Toprol, Toprol XL)
Nadolol (Corgard)
Propranolol (Inderal)

72
Q

Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (ARBs) end in…?

Prototype?

A

SARTAN

Losartan (Cozaar)

73
Q

Beta2 Agonist Inhalers (2)
goTo Rescue
Long-acting Bronchospasm Prevention

A

Albuterol (Proventil)

Salmeterol (Serevent)

74
Q

2 Anticholinergic Inhalers

A

Ipratropium (Atropvent) - Prototype

Tiotropium (Spiriva)

75
Q

5 Corticosteroid Inhalers

A 
Beclomethasone (Beclovent)
Budesonide (Pulmicort) - Prototype
Ciclesonide (Alvesc)
Fluticasone (Flovent)
Triamcinolone (Azmacort)
76
Q

Long-Acting Beta2 Agonist Inhaler specific to maintenence

A

Salmeterol (Serevent)

77
Q

HMG-COA Reductase Inhibitors end with…?

A

STATIN

78
Q

3 Fibric Acid Agents

A

Fenofibrate (TriCor)
Fenofibric acid (Trilipix)
Gemfibrozil (Lopid)

79
Q

2 Antiplatelet Agents

A

Ticagrelor (Brilinta)

Prasugrel (Effient)

80
Q

2 Phosphodiasterase Inhibitors

A

Inamrinone (Inocor) - Thee originial!

Milrinone (Primacor)

81
Q

Name of Cardiac Glycoside?

A

Digoxin (Lanoxin)

82
Q

3 Bile Acid Binding Agents (Sequestrants)

A

Cholestyramine (Questran) - Prototype
Colesevelam
Colestipol

83
Q

Name of Nicotinic Acid (Vit B)

A

Niacin (Niaspan)

84
Q

Cystic Fibrosis

A

secretions become thick and sticky, r/in poor ventilation and etc.

85
Q

Ischemia

A

Cell death r/t Ø O2

86
Q

Rhinnorhea

A

runny nose

87
Q

Angina

A

Chest pain b/c ↓ blood flow to ♥

88
Q

ARB

A

Angiotensin 2 Receptor Blockers

89
Q

Thrombocytopenia

A

↓ platelet count

90
Q

Prothrombin

A

Clotting factor

91
Q

Thrombolytic Agent fx

A

dissolves clots

92
Q

Hemophilia

A

dz where blood Ø clot normallly

93
Q

Glycoprotein Inhibitor what is…? and Fx

A

antiplatelet agent, ↓ clotting

ABSN Cohort 19 (28 decks)

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