Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

ABSN Cohort 19 > MedSurgs2 Exam1 > Flashcards

MedSurgs2 Exam1 Flashcards

1
Q

Anaphylaxis: Type#, Onset time, Caused by

A

Type 1
Within seconds to minutes
Caused by exposure to specific allergen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Anaphylaxis FX (2)

A

widespread
↓ blood vessel tone
↓ cardiac output

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Anaphylaxis Onset S/S Subj (5)

A 
Uneasiness
Apprehension
Weakness
Anxiety
Impending Doom
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Anaphylaxis Onset S/S Skin (5)

A 
Generalized itching
Urticaria (hives)
Erythema
Angioedema (swelling of eyes), lips, and tongue
Itchy Skin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Anaphylaxis Onset S/S Respiratory (9)

A 
Bronchconstriction
Mucosal Edema
↑ Mucous production
Respiratory Distress
Wheezing, Crackles, Hoarseness, Stridor
"Lump in Throat"
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Anaphylaxis Onset S/S Cardio (6)

A 
Hypoxemia
HypoTN
Rapid/Weak Irregular Pulse (also by vasodilation or ↑ capillary leak)
Faint
Diaphoretic
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Anaph. # Criterias

A

3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Ana. Criteria 1

Onset and Fx (3x3)

A

Within mins - hrs
Swelling - Swollen lips, uvula, and hives
Respiratory distress - dyspnea, wheezes, low peak expiratory rate
HypoTN r/in ↓ perfusion r/in organ d/fx - r/in LoC, incontinence, hyptonia, absent reflexes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Ana. Criteria 2

Onset and Fx (1 + 1x3)

A

Within min - hrs of >2 of the following
Any Criteria 1
GI - N/V, cramping, ab. pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Ana. Criteria 3

Onset and Fx (2)

A

Within mins - hrs of…

HTN with BPS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Education for Leukemic Pt on Infx Protection (8)

A 
Oral/Hand/Skin Care/Hygiene
Ø Crowds
Protective Equipment 
Flu/Pneumonia Vaccines
Recgonize S/S of Infx
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Leukemia (What is it and the Fx?)

Acute or Chronic?

A

Cancer r/in uncontrolled production of “Blast” WBC.
r/in production of immature d/fxal cells and ↓ RBC output

Can be both Acute (sudden/short) and Chronic (slow/long).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Leuk. and WBC?

A

Even though pt might have normal WBC levels, they are immature and Ø fight off infx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Leuk. S/S Cardiovascular (↑ 2, ↓ 1)

A

↑ HR, RR

↓ BP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Leuk. S/S Respiratory (3)

A

Murmurs/Bruits

Ab.normal breath sounds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Leuk. S/S Subj. (5)

A 
Fatigue
Neurological Changes
Headache
Fever
Bone/Joint pain
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Leuk. S/S Skin and GI (4)

A

Bleeding
Cool/Pallor Skin
Intestinal Changes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Transplants Throughout the Years (10)

A

Kidney focal point
1912 - transplanting blood vessels
1930 - skin grafting for burns common
end of 1940 - kidney transplant for 6 mo.
1954 - first renal transplants b2n twins
1960 - Imuran (Azathoproine) immunosuppression
↑ Renal transplant survival rates b/c other immunosuppressions.
Liver/Pancreas transplant
↓ Success rate for ♥ transplants 1968 - 1970
Cyclosporine developed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q 
Acute Rejection
Onset
Graft HLA recognized as...?
Type of response
Cells do what?
R/in?
A

days - months
HLA antigens are recognized as foreign (non-self)
Type 4 cell-mediated Hypersensitive Response
T Lymphocytes/Macrophages proliferate attach and destroy donor tissue
Cytotoxic antibodies, which further aggravates acute rejection process

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

AIDS pts should?

A

LIVE GOOD

21
Q

Appropriate interventions with Thrombocytopenia pt (10)

A 
Handle gently
Ø IM or Venipunctures
Pressure Needle stick in the same site for 10 minutes until Ø bleeding
Smallest needle necessary
Observe sites q2h for bleeding
Ice Traumas
Test Urine/Stool for blood

NO BUTT BREAKERS (enemas, lube, anal sex)
Measure abdominal girth

22
Q

PTT and INR Ranges and r/t anti-coagulant

A

25 - 35 r/t Heparin

2.0 - 3.0 r/t Warfarin

23
Q

Sick Cell Anemia
What is it?
Fx?

A

Genetic dz r/in anemia, pain, early death caused by pair of HbS alelles
40% total hemogloblin have abnormal HbS, r/in ↓ O2… they also chain together and clump.

24
Q

Thrombocytopenia important educations (+5)

A 
SEE Interventions +
Electric shavers
Avoid mouth trauma
Ø blow nose/insert objects
Ø contact sports
firm shoe soles
25
Q 
Blood Transfusion Pre-Procedure
3 steps
     3 notes
3 steps
      2 notes
2 steps
A 
CHIPPI
Assess values (Packs RBCs for
26
Q

Blood Transf. Intra-Procedure 3, 6

RNC24 VDM+1CD

A

Remain w/ pt first 15 - 30 minutes, assess
Notify provider if Rx occur
Complete in 2 - 4 hr to avoid bacterial grwoth

Vitals
Dispose
Monitor labs (CBC, Hgb, Hct) should rise approx. 1 g/dL per unit
Chart
Document response
27
Q

Blood Trans and older pts (2)

A

Asses more frequently.

↑ risk ▲ pulse, bp, rr, rx, overload, cardiac/renal fx

28
Q

Use of Cardiac Monitor during Blood Trans.

A

Use to find MI

29
Q

MI Age/EKG visual FX (6)

A 
Start - ↓ T
Hours - ↑ ST
Hours+ - ↑↑ ST
Hours - 2 days - ↑ ST + ↓ T
Days - Weeks - ↓ Q and T
Months - Years - ↓↓ Q only
30
Q

Ischemia ♥
What is?
Skin S/S
EKG fx?

A

↓ O2 to ♥
Pallor
↓ T wave

31
Q

Injury ♥
What is?
Skin S/S
EKG fx?

A

Ø perfusion b/c tissue dmg
Cyanosis
↑ ST

32
Q

Infarction ♥
What is?
Skin S/S
EKG fx?

A

Necrosis ♥
Black
“Significant” Q wave

33
Q

Acute MI ♥
Non ST Elevation MI (NSTEMI) What. EKG.
ST Elevation MI (STEMI) What. EKG.

A

NSTEMI
▲ ST and T ind/ myocardia ischemia
STEMI
↑ ST in 2 contiguous leads ind/ myocardial infarction/necrosis and req. intervention ASAP

34
Q

Re/Depolarization

A

DE - AP when “-“ cells develop charge. Ind/ ability to respond to stimuli by initiating impulse which r/in contraction
RE - Return to baseline

35
Q

P, PR segment, PR Interval, QRS Complex, and T waves

A

P - Atrial depolars.
PR segment/interval - time from AV node to Ventricles
PR interval - time from Atrial Depolars to Ventricles (P - R)
QRS - time for Vent. Depolars (Q - R)
T - ventricular Repolars.

36
Q

MI Education (3)

A

Assess emotion
Take care of self
Treat angina w/ rest and 3 SL nitro. If f d/fx, seek medical attention

37
Q

Baroreceptor Stimulation of Pts with HypoTN
What is?
Fx?

A

Receptors in arch of aorta that rx to ↑ BP

Inhibit vasomotor center in pons of medulla r/in ↓ BP

38
Q

Fx Fibrinolytic Drugs

A

Clot busters
↓ MI, thrombosis, strokes, SOB (pind. clot)
Give within first or after 6 hrs (+6 hrs r/in tissue dmg to ♥)
Be aware of bleeding

39
Q

Angina Pectoris
Chronic Stable Angina (CSA)
Unstable Angina

A

Imba. arteries in O2 supply to ♥, r/in ischemia

Chest d/comfort w/ prolong exertion, assoc/w atherosclerotic plaque. Fix w/ rest/nitroglycerin

Chest d/comrt @ rest. ↑# and level/time. >15 minutes, poorly tx’d w/ rest/nitroglycerin

40
Q

Percutaneous Transluminal Cornoary Angioplasty (PTCA)

What is and Fx?

A

Stent used to re-open clotted artery with balloon.

41
Q 
PTCA Pt Care
Look for...
3 S/S
2 Hypo
1 Dys
3 perscriptions
A 
Look for S/S vessel closure...
Chest pain
Bleeding
Rx to Contrast medium
HypoTN, Kalemia, Dysrhythmias

Usually prescribed long-term nitrate/dual anti-platelet therapy (aspirin/thienopyridine)
K supplements b/c HypoK

42
Q

K Normal range and Fx of
↑ 4
ECG 4

Ectopic beats?

A

3.5 - 5.0 mEq/L
↑ ind/ ♥ block, Vfib, bradycardia, HypoHTN
Tall T’s, longer PRs, Flat Ps, Wide QRS

Ectopic beats (beats outside conduction system)

43
Q

Cardiac Markers (3)

A

Serum Markers
Serum Cardiac Enzymes
Serum Lipids

44
Q 
Serum Markers (2, 1)
Ranges and ind/
A

Troponins (↑ ind/ MI or Injury)

Troponin T -

45
Q

Serum Cardiac Enzymes (2)

Ranges and ind/

A

Creatine Phosphokinase Myocardial Bands (CK-MBs) ↑ in/d MI occurs - 0% of total CK
Creatine Kinase (CK) - ↑pind/ Myo, brain, skeletal injury or necrosis.
♀ 30 - 135 u/L
♂ 55 - 170 u/L

46
Q

Serum Lipids (5)

A

Total - ↑ ind/ ↑% CAD
400 - 1000 mg/dL

Cholesterol - ↑ ind/ ↑% CAD
adult 122 - 200 mg/dL
older adult 144 - 280 mg/dL (+70)

Triglycerides - ↑ ind/ ↑% CAD
♀ - 35 - 135 mg/dL
♂ - 40 - 160 mg/dL

LDL - ↑ ind/ ↑% CAD
60 - 80 mg/dL

HDL - ↑ protects from CAD
♀ - >55 mg/dL
♂ - >45 mg/dL

47
Q

Modifiable (4) vs. Nonmodifiable Fx

A

Cigarettes, inactivity, obesity, stress,

BORN THIS WAY

48
Q

Stroke Volume, Preload, Afterload

A

SV - blood ejected LV
Preload - myofiber stretch @ end of diastole before contraction
Afterload - pressure/resistance on Vents. b/c blood vessels

49
Q

Infarction vs. Necrosis

Infarction (2)
Injury Zone
Necrotic Zone

THE IMAGE (3)

A

Infarction - necrosis or cell death r/t severe ischemia which can r/in necrosis
Restore perfusion before irreversible!
Injury zone - some survive/die
Necrotic zone - die Ø restore r/in permanent scar tissue

From inside to out…
Area of necrosis
Area of injury
Area of ischemia

ABSN Cohort 19 (28 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions