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YEAR 3 > NURS 330 (PEDS) > Flashcards

NURS 330 (PEDS) Flashcards

1
Q

Jordan’s Principle

A

Puts the childs needs before the logistics and the money

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2
Q

30-36 months SPEECH AND LANGUAGE

A

Almost all speech understood by strangers

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3
Q

Infants PLAY

A

solitary

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4
Q

Potential “RED FLAGS” in infants

A
  • frequently in “fisted position” after 6 months.
  • too tight or too floppy.
  • not bringing both hands to midline by 10 months.
  • no pincer grasp by 10 months
  • not smiling by 4 months
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5
Q

Toddlers (1-3 years) GROSS MOTOR

A

Begins walking with ease
Can run
Can kick and throw balls well
Can jump.

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6
Q

12 months FINE MOTOR

A

Transfers objects from hand to hand

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7
Q

24 months FINE MOTOR

A

can hold crayon/marker and begin to color, turns pages, builds towers of 6 blocks.

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8
Q

36 months FINE MOTOR

A

Copies circle/cross shapes, can color within the lines.

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9
Q

5 Years FINE MOTOR

A

starts to write letters, can draw a person.

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10
Q

Toddler PLAY

A

Parallel - beside each other, but not together

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11
Q

Potential “RED FLAGS” in toddlers

A
  • not walking by 18 months
  • unaware of environmental changes/routine
  • poor/no eye contact
  • difficulty calming self
  • not responding to noise, sounds or familiar voices
  • not engaging in pretend play
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12
Q

Preschool FINE MOTOR

A
  • button clothing
  • hold crayon
  • build small blocks
  • use scissors
  • board games
  • draws self-portrait
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13
Q

Preschool PLAY

A

Associative (interact with each other, become helpful)

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14
Q

Potential “RED FLAGS” in preschool

A
  • lack of socialization/not playing
  • can’t follow simple directions or carry out self-care tasks
  • can’t undo big buttons
  • can’t put on shoes by 3 years
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15
Q

School Age FINE MOTOR

A
  • refined and more focused
  • musical instruments
  • focus in school
  • smaller lego
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16
Q

School Age GROSS MOTOR

A

6-8 years: join sports teams
more coordinated (less falls/tumbles)

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17
Q

School Age COGNITIVE

A
  • focus/concentrate for longer periods
  • Gain independence
  • can take part in cognitive activities
  • reading/writing
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18
Q

School age PLAY

A

cooperative

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19
Q

Potential “RED FLAGS” school age

A
  • lack of friends
  • academic failure
  • aggressive behaviour
  • bullying/fighting
  • abusive to animals
  • overt sexual behaviour
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20
Q

Adolescence SOCIAL/COGNITIVE

A
  • increased independence
  • challenge authority
  • increased reliance on peers
  • mood swings
  • become experimental
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21
Q

Potential “RED FLAGS” adolescence

A
  • uninterested in family life
  • anger
  • suicidal thoughts
  • addiction
  • eating disorders
  • accidents (increased risk taking)
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22
Q

How much should babies gain per week from 2-6months?

A

about 70-120g/wk

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23
Q

At what age should weight be doubled?

A

By about 5 months

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24
Q

At what age should weight be tripled?

A

By about 12 months

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25
Q

How much weight do typical adolescence gain?

A

about 7-25kg over 2-3 years (girls) and about 7-29.5kg over 2-3 years (boys)

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26
Q

Factors affecting growth and development

A

genetics, temperament, health-nutrition, intelligence, gender (boys slower than girls)

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27
Q

Autosomal dominant inheritance

A

Each child has 50% chance of developing disease (ex. huntingtons, braca breast cancer gene)

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28
Q

Autosomal recessive inheritance

A

Each child has 50% chance of being a carrier, and 25% chance of having the disorder (ex. cystic fibrosis)

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29
Q

X-linked recessive disorders

A

Males are at risk: each make has 50% chance of inheriting (ex. color blindness, hemophilia a, duchenne muscular dystrophy)

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30
Q

Numerical chromosome abnormality

A

entire chromosome is added and/or missing

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31
Q

Structural chromosome abnormality

A

part of chromosome added/missing OR abnormal rearrangement

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32
Q

Trisomy

A

extra copy of one chromosome (47)

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33
Q

Trisomy 21

A

Down Syndrome

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34
Q

Trisomy 13

A

Less common, more severe

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35
Q

Monosomy

A

Missing one chromosome (45)

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36
Q

Only monosomy compatible with life

A

Turners syndrome (single X chromosome)

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37
Q

Klinefelter Syndrome

A

Boys have an extra X chromosome.

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38
Q

Bowlby Attachment Theory

A

attachment = motivational-behavioural control system - infants need one special relationship for internal development.

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39
Q

Nursing role in immunization

A

educate, respect, and have a non-judegmental relationship

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40
Q

Immunization in PEDS

A

vaccines decrease chances AND severity of disease.

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41
Q

Active immunization

A

Vaccines

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42
Q

Passive immunization

A

admin of antibodies from humans or animals

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43
Q

Respiratory Differences in PEDS

A
  • lack of bony structures
  • abdominal breathers (rely on diaphragm)
  • appear barrel-chested
  • Obligatory nose breathers until 3 months
  • smaller airways, shorter distance to lower tract
  • trachea short and angle at bronchus is acute, smallest at cricoid until 8 years
  • smaller lung capacity and few alveoli
  • underdeveloped intercostal muscles
  • large tongue and tonsils
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44
Q

Asthma

A

Chronic airway inflammatory disease - infiltration of airway T-cells, mast cells, basophils, macrophages, and eosinophils.

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45
Q

Airflow Obstruction caused by…

A
  1. bronchial (airway) hyperresonsiveness
  2. airway edema
  3. mucous production
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46
Q

S&S of Asthma

A
  • narrow airways
  • longer expiration (wheezing)
  • increase resp rates
  • hypoxia (decreased oxygen)
  • alveolar hyperinflation
  • decreased perfusion
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47
Q

Silent Asthma

A

frequent coughing (at night) when secretions pool.

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48
Q

Severe Persistent Asthma

A

symptoms during the day, nighttime awakening, SABA several times/day, normal activity limited.

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49
Q

Chances for child if 1 parent has asthma

A

50% chance for child

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50
Q

Chances for child if 2 parents have asthma

A

75% chance for child

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51
Q

Asthma symptom triggers

A

exercise, cold air, hot humid air, strong fumes, emotional upsets, smoking, hormones

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52
Q

Inflammatory asthma triggers

A

Resp viral infections, dust mites, animals, cockroaches, moulds, pollens, air pollutants

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53
Q

Protective factors from asthma

A

large family, later brith order, childcare attendance, dog in the house, live on farm.

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54
Q

Diagnostic procedures for asthma

A

pulse ox, chest x-ray, blood gases, pulmonary function, peak expiratory flow rate, allergy testing.

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55
Q

SABA (Short-acting beta-agonist)

A

Ventolin = rescue medication (salbuterol)

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56
Q

LABA (Long-acting beta-agonist)

A

Pre-exercise (salmeterol)

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57
Q

Anticholinergic (ipratropium or atrovent)

A

inhibit broncho-constriction and decrease mucous production

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58
Q

Oral corticosteroid

A

used in bursts to manage uncontrolled asthma

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59
Q

Mild PRAM 0-3

A

Salbutamol q30-60min x1-2 doses, oral steroids

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60
Q

Moderate PRAM 4-7

A

Salbutamol q30min x2-3 doses, oral steroids, ipratropium.

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61
Q

Severe PRAM 8-12

A

Salbutamol and ipratropium q20min x 3 doses, PO steroids, IV methylprednisone, continuous SABA, IV magnesium sulfate.

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62
Q

ERIKSON

A

PSYCHOSOCIAL
- infant-18months: trust vs mistrust
- 18months -3years: autonomy vs shame/doubt
- 3-5years: initiative vs guilt
- 5-13years: industry vs inferiority

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63
Q

PIAGET

A

COGNITIVE
- infant-2years: SENSORIMOTOR (understand world through sense/actions)
- 2-7years: PREOPERATIONAL (understand worlds through language and mental images)
- 7-12 years: CONCRETE OPERATIONAL (understand world through logical thinking
- 12+ years: FORMAL OPERATION (understand world through hypothetical thinking and science)

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64
Q

KOHLBERG

A

MORAL
- infancy: obedience/punishment
- pre-school: self-interest
- School-age: conformity and interpersonal accord, authority and soical order
- Teens: social contract
- Adults: universal principles

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65
Q

FREUD

A

PSYCHOSEXUAL
- infant-12months: oral stage (mouth suckling)
- 1-3years: anal stage (elimination)
- 3-6years: Phallic (genitals)
- 7-11years: Latency (sexual interest, social skill)
- Puberty: Genital (sexual awakening)

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66
Q

BOWLBY

A

ATTACHMENT
- Birth-6weeks: pre-attachment
- 6week-6/8months: attachment-in-the-making
- 6/8 months - 18/24 months: clear-cut attachment
- 24 months +: goal-corrected partnership

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67
Q

Birth SOCIAL

A

Quiets when fed/comforted, makes eye contact

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68
Q

Birth SELF-HELP

A

Alert: interested in sights and sounds

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69
Q

Birth GROSS MOTOR

A

Wiggles and kicks, thrusts arms and legs in play

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70
Q

Birth FINE MOTOR

A

Looks at objects or faces

71
Q

Birth LANGUAGE

A

Cries, makes small throaty sounds

72
Q

1 month SOCIAL

A

Social smile

73
Q

1 month GROSS MOTOR

A

Lefts head and chest when lying on stomach

74
Q

1 month FINE MOTOR

A

Follows moving objects with eyes

75
Q

1 month LANGUAGE

A

Cries in a special way when hungry

76
Q

2 month SOCIAL

A

Recognizes mother

77
Q

2 month SELF-HELP

A

Reacts to sight of bottle or breast

78
Q

2 month GROSS MOTOR

A

Holds head steady when held sitting

79
Q

2 months FINE MOTOR

A

Holds objects put in hand

80
Q

2 months LANGUAGE

A

makes sounds - ah, eh, ugh

81
Q

3 months SOCIAL

A

Recognizes familiar adults

82
Q

3 months SELF-HELP

A

increased activity when shown a toy

83
Q

3 months GROSS MOTOR

A

Makes crawling movements

84
Q

3 months FINE MOTOR

A

Holds up hand and looks at it

85
Q

3 months LANGUAGE

A

laughs out loud, squeals

86
Q

4 months SOCIAL

A

Interested in his/her image in mirror, smiles, playful

87
Q

4 months SELF-HELP

A

Reaches for objects

88
Q

4 months GROSS MOTOR

A

Pivots around when lying on stomach

89
Q

4 months FINE MOTOR

A

Puts toys or other objects in mouth

90
Q

4 months LANGUAGE

A

ah-goo

91
Q

5 months SOCIAL

A

Reacts differently to strangers

92
Q

5 months GROSS MOTOR

A

Rolls from stomach to back

93
Q

5 months FINE MOTOR

A

Picks up objects with one hand

94
Q

5 months LANGUAGE

A

Responds to voices, turns head toward a voice

95
Q

6 months SOCIAL

A

Reaches for familiar persons

96
Q

6 months SELF-HELP

A

Looks for object after it disappears from sight or falls

97
Q

6 months GROSS MOTOR

A

Rolls over from back to stomach

98
Q

6 months FINE MOTOR

A

Transfers objects from one hand to the other

99
Q

6 months LANGUAGE

A

Babbles, responds to name, turns and looks

100
Q

7 months SOCIAL

A

Gets upset and cries if left alone

101
Q

7 months SELF-HELP

A

Feeds self cracker/cookie

102
Q

7 months GROSS MOTOR

A

Sits alone, steady

103
Q

7 months FINE MOTOR

A

Holds two objects (one in each hand) at the same time, brings two objects together

104
Q

7 months LANGUAGE

A

Makes sounds like da, ba, ga, ka, ma

105
Q

8 months SOCIAL

A

Plays “peek-a-boo”

106
Q

8 months GROSS MOTOR

A

Moves forward while on stomach

107
Q

8 months FINE MOTOR

A

Uses forefinger to poke, push or roll small objects

108
Q

8 months LANGUAGE

A

Makes sounds like mama, dada, baba

109
Q

9 months SOCIAL

A

Waves bye-bye

110
Q

9 months SELF-HELP

A

Resists having toy taken away

111
Q

9 months GROSS MOTOR

A

Crawls on hands and knees, pulls self to standing position

112
Q

9 months FINE MOTOR

A

Picks up small objects using thumb and finger grasp

113
Q

9 months LANGUAGE

A

Imitates sounds that you make

114
Q

10 months SOCIAL

A

Plays “patty-cake”

115
Q

10 months SELF-HELP

A

Picks up spoon by handle

116
Q

10 months GROSS MOTOR

A

Walks around playpen or furniture while holding on

117
Q

11 months GROSS MOTOR

A

Stands alone briefly

118
Q

11 months FINE MOTOR

A

Puts small objects in cup or other container

119
Q

11 months LANGUAGE

A

Understands phrases such as “No” and “all gone”

120
Q

12 months SOCIAL

A

Imitates simple acts such as hugging or loving a doll

121
Q

12 months SELF-HELP

A

Helps a little when being dressed

122
Q

12 months GROSS MOTOR

A

Stands alone, steady

123
Q

12 months FINE MOTOR

A

Turns pages of a book a few at a time

124
Q

12 months LANGUAGE

A

Says mama or dada for parent

125
Q

13 months SOCIAL

A

Plays with other children

126
Q

13 months SELF-HELP

A

Lifts cup to mouth and drinks

127
Q

13 months GROSS MOTOR

A

Walks without help

128
Q

13 months FINE MOTOR

A

Builds tower of 2 or more blocks

129
Q

13 months LANGUAGE

A

Shakes head to express “no”, hands objects to you when asked

130
Q

14 months SOCIAL

A

gives kisses

131
Q

14 months SELF-HELP

A

Insists on feeding self

132
Q

14 months GROSS MOTOR

A

Climbs up chairs or other furniture

133
Q

14 months FINE MOTOR

A

Marks with pencil or crayon

134
Q

14 months LANGUAGE

A

Asks for food or drink with sounds or words

135
Q

15 months SOCIAL

A

Greets people with hi or similar

136
Q

15 months SELF-HELP

A

Feeds self with a spoon

137
Q

15 months GROSS MOTOR

A

runs

138
Q

15 months FINE MOTOR

A

scribbles with pencil or crayon

139
Q

15 months LANGUAGE

A

says 2 words besides mama or dada, makes sounds in sequences that sounds like sentences

140
Q

18 months SOCIAL

A

Sometimes says “no” when interfered with

141
Q

18 months SELF-HELP

A

Eats with a fork

142
Q

18 months GROSS MOTOR

A

Kicks a ball forward, good balance and coordination

143
Q

18 months FINE MOTOR

A

Builds tower of 4 or more blocks

144
Q

18 months LANGUAGE

A

Uses 5 or more words as names of things, follows simple instruction.

145
Q

GI System Growth and Development

A
  • Structurally complete at birth but immature
  • Sucking = reflex until 6 wk
  • stomach capacity increases
  • intestinal motility is high in newborns (increased stools)
  • Enzyme secretions increase (pancreatic enzymes start developing at 4 months)
  • Liver matures in first 12 months
  • by age 2 - 3 meals/day
  • Excretory control by age 2-3 years
146
Q

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC)

A

Most common and severe GI disorder in preterm neonates.
Caused by intestinal ischemia, viral or bacterial infection

147
Q

Symptoms of NEC

A

Vomit, blood diarrhea, ABD distention, feeding intolerance, irritability OR lethargy

148
Q

Treatment of NEC

A

SVS or IV fluids, IV antibiotics immediately, surgical resection

149
Q

Complications of NEC

A

Malabsorption, short-bowel syndrome, scarring/narrowing bowel, bowel obstruction, ABD scarring, problems with long-term TPN

150
Q

Complications in Premature babies

A

intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH)
retinopathy
feeding & nutrition problems
anemia
resp distress syndrome

151
Q

Types of Central Venous Catheters

A
  1. Short-Term (percutaneous)
  2. Tunneled
  3. PICC
  4. Implanted
  5. Hemodialysis
152
Q

CVC Complications

A

Air embolism, occlusion, infection, malposition or external cath damage, extravasation

153
Q

Causes of Acute diarrhea

A

VIRAL: rotovirus, norwalk, adenovirus, cytomegalovirus
BACTERIAL: salmonella, ecoli, shigella, c. diff

154
Q

Treatment for Dehydration

A

NS bolus, then run D5NS to include sodium and glucose

155
Q

Cleft Lip & Palate

A

1/700 babies
lip - 5-6wk gest
palate - 7-9wk gest

156
Q

Complications of cleft palate

A

susceptible to colds, hearing loss, speech defect, dental cavities, tooth defects, otitis media, feeding difficulties

157
Q

Hirchsprung (congenital aganglionic megacolon)

A

Absense of autonomic parasympathetic ganglion cells of colon - no peristalsis

158
Q

Symptoms of Hirchsprung

A

CONSTIPATION
presents in first 6wks of life
Newborn: no meconium in 24 hours, bilous vomiting, ABD distention, failure to thrive
Older child: hx of constipation, ABD distention, failure to thrive

159
Q

Treatment of Hirchsprung

A

surgical repair to remove dysfunctional part of bowel and re -connect

160
Q

Tracheosophageal Fistula

A

Abnormal opening between trachea and esophagus

161
Q

Symptoms of Tracheoesophageal fistula

A

Excess amniotic fluid, excess saliva, feed comes right back up

162
Q

Diagnosing Tracheoesophageal fistula

A

catheter into esophagus, barium swallow test

163
Q

Treatment of Tracheoesophageal fistula

A

Close fistula and anastomize esophagus

164
Q

Imperforated Anus

A

Passage of feces obstructed by structural anomaly of anus/rectum

165
Q

Diagnosis of imperforated anus

A

Inspect perineum, rectal atresia

166
Q

Symptoms of imperforated anus

A

nausea/vomiting, ABD distention, failure to pass meconium at birth)

167
Q

Treatment of Imperforated anus

A

Stop mouth feeds, surgery to close fistula and create an anal opening

168
Q

Intussuseption

A

One portion of the bowel slides/invaginates into the next

169
Q

Symptoms of Intussuseption

A

Nausea and vomiting, “currant jelly” and gelatinous stool, pain

170
Q

Treatment of Intussuseption

A

Barium Enema

171
Q

Pyloric Stenosis

A

Hypertrophy of circular pylorus muscle - stenosis of passage between stomach and duodenum (obstructs the lumen of the stomach)

172
Q

Symptoms of Pyloric Stenosis

A

Projectile vomiting!! irritability, FTT, dehydration

173
Q

Nissen Fundoplication

A

Surgery for babies with severe acid reflux - wrap the stomach around itself to tighten

174
Q
A

YEAR 3 (14 decks)

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