NURS 255 Exam 8 Flashcards
What 5 factors Influence personal hygiene practices?
- Personal preferences
- Culture, Religion, Spirituality
- Economic status
- Developmental level
- Knowledge and cognition level
What should be assessed before delegating a task to a UAP (in terms of personal hygiene)
- Patients limitations and restrictions
- Use of assistive devices
- Specific safety precautions to follow
- Presence of obstacles
- Observations to make during the procedure (skin/urine/stool)
What are 2 examples of Diagnostic statements related to self care and personal hygiene?
- Bathing/Hygiene Deficit r/t severe knee pain second to degenerative joint disease
- Toilet deficit r/t activity intolerance second to heart failure.
What is a complete bath?
- Washing entire body without assistance from patient
What is an assist bath?
- Patient performs most of the bath but nurse assists with hard to reach areas
What is a partial bath?
- Nurse cleans only areas that may produce odour or discomfort.
What is a towel bath?
-
What is a bag bath?
- The use of 8-10 washcloths moistened with water each part of the body is cleansed with a new cloth
What is a Shower?
- Literally a shower (most patients can do this on their own)
What is a tub bath?
- should be used when a patient is ambulatory but stiff and requires assistance (BETTER THAN BED BATH)
What is a therapeutic bath?
- Baths given specifically to relax muscles or remove scales from skin.
- May include oatmeal or tar baths for psoriasis
- May be a warm sitz bath to clean perineum
What are the 3 energy nutrients?
- Lipids
- Carbs
- Proteins
What are the 5 major functions of lipids?
- Supply essential nutrients
- Energy source
- Flavour and satiety
- Insulation, protection, nerve impulse transmission
- Cholesterol functions
What are the 6 major functions of Protein?
- Tissue building
- Metabolism
- Immune system function
- Fluid balance
- Acid-Base balance
- Secondary energy source
What are the 3 major functions of carbohydrates?
- Supply energy for muscle and organ function
- Spare protein
- Play a role in nutrition and metabolism
What are the main sources of Simple carbohydrates?
- Corn syrup
- Honey
- Milk
- Table sugar
- Molasses
- Sugar cane
- Sugar beets
- Fruits
What are the main sources of Complex carbohydrates?
- Vegetables
- Breads
- Cereals
- Pasta
- Grains
- Legumes
What are the main sources of Complete Proteins?
- Meat
- Poultry
- Fish
- Eggs
- Milk products
What are the main sources of Incomplete Proteins?
- Plant sources
- They can be combined to make complete proteins
What are the main sources of Saturated fats?
- Pork
- Beef
- Poultry
- Seafood
- Egg yolk
- Dairy
- Coconut oil
- Palm oil
What are the main sources of Unsaturated fats?
- Olives
- Olive oil
- Vegetable oils
- Nuts
- Avocados
What are the main sources of Essential Fatty acids?
- Polyunsaturated vegetable oils
- Fatty fish (salmon)
What are the main sources of Trans-fats?
- Hydrogenated oils
- Margerines
- Packaged baked goods
- Processed foods
What does vitamin A come from?
- Fish liver oil
- Liver
- Butter
- Cream
- Egg yolk
- Yellow fruit
- Green leafys
- Fortified milk
What does vitamin A do?
- Night and colour vision
- Cellular growth and maturity
- Skin and membrane maintenance
- Growth of skeletal and soft tissue
- Reproduction
- Antioxidant
Where is vitamin D from?
- Fish liver oil
- Fatty fish
- yogurt
- Sunlight
What does Vitamin D do?
- Regulates blood calcium levels
- supports immune function
- Anti inflammatory
What does vitamin K do?
- Synthesis of clotting factors and bone development
What does Vitamin B 12 do?
- Cellular metabolism
- Mylin sheaths
- Hemoglobin synthesis
What are the macromolecules?
- Ca
- Mg
- P
- K
- Na
What are the Trace minerals
- Copper
- Floride
- Iodine
- Iron
- Zinc
How much of our body weight does water make up?
- 55-65% In men
- 50-55% in women
What are the 6 main functions of water in the body?
- Solvent
- Transport
- Body structure
- Temperature
- Lubricant
- Catalyst
How much water is recommended per day?
- 2.7L in women
-3.7 in men
What are 6 important things to remember for infant nutrition?
- Infants shouldn’t have cow milk
- Honey and corn syrup should not be given
- Allow milk to cool for at least 1 minute
- Don’t dilute infant formula
- No Goats milk
- No plant based alternatives
What 8 Things are lifestyle choices when it comes to nutrition?
- Dietary patterns
- Work environment
- Cooking methods and food storage
- Oral contraceptive use
- Food to relive stress
- Tobacco use
- Alcohol
- Caffine
What are lacto-vegitarians and lacto-ovo vegetarians?
- Lacto-ovo: No meat, and poultry only fish and milk
- Lacto-veg: only dairy and plants
What are Pescatarians?
- Diet that does not allow meat, poultry, dairy or eggs but does include fish
What nutrients are vegans lacking in?
- B12
- D
- Calcium
- Zinc
- Protein
What are 4 characteristics of fad diets?
- Promise quick and drastic results
- Limit range of foods
- Recommend supplements
- Fail to implement permanent strategies
What are 4 characteristics of a good diet?
- Good descriptions of healthy foods to eat
- Promotes variety in foods
- Encourages healthy habits
- Emphasizes self monitoring and behavioural change
Should traditional diets be encouraged?
- Yes, they can be healthful
What factors can make diseases harm nutrition?
- Traumatic injury
- Long term insufficient caloric intake
- Alcoholism
- Cognitive function
- Ability to obtain food
- Chewing and swallowing
- Stomach function
- Peristalsis
- Intestinal surface area
- Enzyme secretions
- Barbaric surgery
What three assessments can be performed to gain a subjective nutritional assessment?
- 24 hour recall
- food frequency questionnaire
- Food record (7 days)
What 3 groups is BMI not useful in?
- Athletes
- Pregnant women
- Older adults
What should be done to help patients with swallowing troubles?
- Use assistive devices
- Do not use straws
- Tilt head forward
- Place food at back of mouth
- monitor tongue movements
- Keep head elevated 30-45 minutes after eating
What interventions help undernourished individuals
- frequent small nutrient dense meals
- restrict fluids with meals
- Refrain from smoking 1 hour before meal
Movement is an interaction between what 3 systems?
- The muscular system
- The skeleton
- The neurological system
What do posture problems result from?
- accidents or injuries
- careless sitting standing and eating
- excessive weight
- negative self image
- occupational stress
- visual difficulties
What body mechanics should be used to avoid injury?
- use proper alignment
- Have a wide base
- Avoid bending and twisting
- Squat to lift
- Keep objects close when lifting
- Raise beds
- Push versus lift
- Get help
What 7 factors affect mobility and activity?
- Developmental stage
- Nutrition
- Lifestyle
- Environmental factors
- Attitudes
- Diseases
- Physical abnormalities
What are two possible goals of helping a patient with activity intolerance?
- Will transfer independently to the wheelchair
- Will discuss their feelings about the activity restrictions by (date)
What 5 things is activity intolerance characterized by?
- Fatigue
- Weakness
- Discomfort on exertion
- Dyspnea
- Verbalization of no interest in activity
