255 Exam 1 Flashcards
National academy of medicine 5 competencies
provide patient centred care
work on inter professional teams
employ evidence based practice
apply quality improvement
utilize informatics
SENC 5 values
provide goal directed care
collaborate with the inter professional team
validate evidence based research
provide safe and quality patient care
embrace incorporate technological advances
Why define nursing?
- Helps the public understand the value of nursing
- Helps differentiate activities of nursing from those of medicine
- Helps students understand what is expected of them
What is the ANA Nursing definition?
The diagnosis and treatment of human responses to actual and potential health problems
Roles and Functions of the nurse
- Direct care provider
- Communicator
- Client/family educator
- Client advocate
- Counselor
- Change agent
- Leader
- Manager
- Case manager
- Research consumer
Profession (Definition)
Technical and scientific knowledge; be evaluated by a community of peers; have a service orientation and code of ethics
Occupation (Definition)
Nursing is an occupation
- The employer and not the nurse decides the conditions and nature of practice
- Nurse practice acts do not prevent nurses from functioning more autonomously
Discipline (Definition)
- Nursing is a scientifically based and self governed profession that focuses on the ethical care of others
- nursing is a discipline
How can nursing improve its recognition as a profession?
- Standardizing educational requirements
- Uniform continuing education requirements
- Increased participation of nurses in professional organizations
- Educating the public about the true nature of nursing practice
Entry into practice (five levels)
- diploma
- ADN
- BSN
- Masters
- Doctorate
Forms of formal education (two)
continuing education
in service education
Regulation of nursing practice
Nurse practice acts
State boards
Standards of practice
What does the ANA do?
National professional organization to belong to
What does the NLN do?
establishes and maintains universal standard of education
What does the ICN do?
federation of national nursing organizations
What does the NSNA do?
represents student nurses
Types of care (Direct care)
involves personal interaction between the nurse and clients
Types of care (indirect)
is working on behalf of clients to improve their health status
What are the 4 purposes of nursing care?
Health promotion
Illness prevention
Health restoration
End of life care
Categories of healthcare (3 types)
primary: preventing illness
Secondary: early diagnosis
Tertiary: long term rehabilitation
Medicare who is it for?
65 and up and young people with permanent disabilities
Medicaid Who is it for?
Provide access to healthcare for low income
Affordable care act
Obamacare implemented in 2010
HMO’s
Health maintenance organizations
PPOs
preferred provider organizations
POS
point of service
IDN
integrated delivery systems
Why should nurses study ethics?
to better advocate for their patients in situations, to help protect the safety of patients
Moral distress
inability to carry out a moral decision
Moral outrage
belief that others are acting immorally
Whistleblowing
They are protected in a majority of cases but it can still be hard to come forward
What are some ethical problems nurses face?
- consumer awareness
- Technological advances
- Multicultural population
- Cost constraints
- Nature of work
- Nature of profession
Developmental stage (Kohlberg)
- stage 1 moral based on personal interests
- stage 2 focuses on pleasing others
- stage 3 moral principles based on justice
Ethical frameworks (Consequentialism)
- Teleology
- Utilitarianism
Ethical Frameworks
(Deontology)
- formalism
- categorical imperative
Autonomy (definition)
One’s ability to act out of their own interests
Nonmaleficence
do no harm
Beneficence
being kind to everyone
Fidelity
always keeping promises
veracity (definition)
always be truthful
Moral decision making model M and O
Message the dilemma
Outline options
Moral decision making model R A L
Review criteria and resolve
Affirm position and act
Look back Evaluate decision making
Informatics
managing and processing information necessary to make decisions
Data (Definition)
unprocessed numbers, symbols, words, no context
Information (Definition)
groupings of processed data
Knowledge (Definition)
meaningful information created by grouping and compiling information
Wisdom (Definition)
Appropriate use of knowledge
What are the benefits of students using simulation
- Computer based simulation
- High fidelity manikins
how informatics enhance the nursing profession
- Reduce barriers to evidence based practice
- Facilitates literature review
- Provides online sources for and of nursing research
- provides literature databases
What is ethical agency?
The ability for nurses to act ethically in various situations by doing so with an understanding of moral principles and consequences and in doing so allow patients to make informed decisions about their care.
What are two ways automation reduces healthcare errors
- Reduces time to enter prescriptions
- It contains an alert system for incorrect values
Describe the process of literature database searching (3 steps)
- Identify the information
- Formulate a precise definition of the problem
- Conduct a search
