NUR 372 CLASS 5 LAB VALUES Flashcards
WHITE BLOOD COUNT
- 5 - 10 THOU/uL
CBC (COMPLETE BLOOD COUNT) TEST
- basic screening test
- provides valuable information on the patient’s hematologic state and other disease process
- consists of: WBC, RBC, hematocrit and hemoglobin, platelet, differential (neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, lymphocytes & monocytes)
CRITICAL WBC VALUES
- < 2500 or > 30,000
INCREASED WHITE BLOOD CELL COUNT
- infection
- inflammation
- invasive lines
- inadequate primary defense
- neoplasm’s
- medication
- stress
ASSESSMENT OF INCREASED WHITE BLOOD CELL COUNT
- fever
- fatigue
- history or presence of infection of potential exposure
- flushed skin appearance
- increased RR, HR
INTERVENTIONS FOR INCREASED WHITE BLOOD CELL COUNT
- medical asepsis
- appropriate timing of antibiotics
- follow P & P for invasive lines & drains
DECREASED WHITE BLOOD CELL COUNT
- medication induced (chemotherapy)
- radiation
- bone marrow failure
- severe infection
- dietary deficiencies
ASSESSMENT OF DECREASED WHITE BLOOD CELL COUNT
- assess for signs and symptoms of infection
INTERVENTIONS FOR DECREASED WHITE BLOOD CELL COUNT
- basic aseptic practices of hand washing
- possibly reverse isolation in some cases (protective precautions)
HEMOGLOBIN COUNT
- M 14-18 g/dL
- F 12-16 g/dL
CRITICAL HEMOGLOBIN VALUES
- < 5 or > 20 g/dL
HEMATOCRIT
- percentage of RBC in plasma
HEMATOCRIT COUNT
- M 42-52%
- F 37-47%
CRITICAL HEMATOCRIT VALUES
- < 15% or > 60%
INCREASED HEMOGLOBIN/HEMATOCRIT RISK FACTORS
- congenital heart disease
- COPD
- overproduction by the bone marrow (polycythemia vera)
- dehydration
ASSESSMENTS FOR INCREAESED HEMOGLOBIN/HEMATOCRIT
- assess for smoking history
- living at high altitudes for extended periods
- chronic breathing difficulties
- sleep disturbances
INTERVENTIONS FOR INCREASED HEMOGLOBIN/HEMATOCRIT
- lack of volume, an increased oral intake or parenteral fluid replacement may be ordered
DECREASED HEMOGLOBIN/HEMATOCRIT RISK FACTORS
- anemia
- cirrhosis
- hemorrhage
- dietary deficiencies
- renal disease
- autoimmune diseases
- cancers
ASSESSMENTS FOR DECREASED HEMOGLOBIN/HEMATOCRIT
- assess for s/s of fatigue
- cool extremities
- dyspnea
- tachycardia
- pallor
INTERVENTIONS FOR DECREASED HEMOGLOBIN/HEMATOCRIT
- correct nutritional deficiencies
- alternate rest & activity
- blood transfusion
- supplemental oxygen
PLATELET COUNTS
- 150,000 - 400,000
THROMBOCYTOPENIA
- platelet count < 100,000
CRITICAL PLATELET VALUES
- < 50,000 or > 1,000,000
PARTIAL THROMBOPLASTIN TIME COUNT
- 21 - 35 seconds
PARTIAL THROMBOPLASTIN TIME CRITICAL VALUES
- > 70 increased risk of bleeding
PROTHROMBIN TIME COUNT
- 11 - 13 seconds (INR 0.8 - 1.2)
PTT, PT/INR need to be ________ times control if anti coagulated
- 1.5 - 2
INCREASED PLATELET RISK FACTORS
- myeloproliferative disorders
- leukemia
- splenectomy
DECREASED PLATELET RISK FACTORS
- certain anemia’s
- viral and bacterial infections
- HF
- HIV
- hypersplenism
INCREASED PTT RISK FACTORS
- congenital defects such as hemophilia
- heparin therapy
DECREASED PTT RISK FACTORS
- cancer
- immediately after acute hemorrhage
INCREASED PT RISK FACTORS
- deficiencies in clotting factors
- Vit K def
- liver disease
- warfarin therapy
DECREASED PT RISK FACTORS
- Increase in green leafy vegetables
- excessive alcohol intake
- dehydration
WHAT TYPE OF PRECAUTIONS WOULD YOU IMPLEMENT FOR LOW PLATELET LEVEL?
- electric razors
- soft-bristled toothbrushes
- protective helmets