NUR 372 CLASS 2 HYGIENE Flashcards
1
Q
BASIC PRINCIPLES OF BATHING
A
- provide Privacy
- maintain safety
- maintain warmth
- promote the patient’s independence as much as possible
- infection prevention (wash cleanest to dirtiest area)
- consider personal choice (family can bring in special soaps, deodorant, etc.)
- body mechanics (the pt and yours too; bending at the knees, assistive devices)
- appropriate Equipment
2
Q
ROUTINE OF SELF-CARE
A
- feet and nail care
- hair care
- oral care: patient’s with dry mouth or lips need care every 2 hours. usually done twice a day or after each meal; dentures need to be cleaned, can also brush gums to increase blood supply to gums
- eye, ear and nose Care: inner canthus and move out
- perineal Care
- feeding
- toiling: 2 h schedule to prevent urine incontinence
- dressing: ask what they want to wear, give choices
3
Q
IMPEDING PATIENTS FROM PARTICIPATING IN SELF CARE
A
- cultural / religious
- developmental stage
- mobility
- emotional
- physical Illness: stroke, febrile, more individualized type of care
- personal Preference
- sensory deficits: not be able to feel temperature of water, etc
4
Q
BENEFITS OF BATHING
A
- cleansing the skin: removes perspiration, bacteria, which minimizes skin irritation and reduces chance of infection
- stimulation of circulation: warm water and gentle strokes from distal to proximal increase circulation and promote venous return
- improve self-image: promotes feeling of being refreshed, relaxed
- reduction of body odors: especially in axillae and pubic areas
- promotion of ROM: movement of extremities while bathing
5
Q
NURSING INTERVENTIONS DURING BATHING
A
- develop a meaningful nurse-patient relationship
- assessment (sub/obj) of the patient including condition of patient, psychosocial and learning needs.
- skin assessment, listening to heart, lung and bowel sounds before getting ready for the day
- edema, color, pulses, etc.
6
Q
TYPES OF BATHS
A
- complete bath: nurse baths entire body of dependent patient in bed
- partial bath: parts of the body are washed by the patient and some by the nurse
7
Q
BATHING ORDER/TECHNIQUES
A
- collect necessary equipment: washcloth, shampoo, skin care product (aloe, soap not often used due to drying of skin)
- consider if you need additional help
- use gloves
- does your patient need a shave? shave down; moisten face with warm water and apply shaving cream
- cover patient with bath blanket and remove gown or pajamas
- wash face first, encourage resident to participate
- wash upper body next and continue on to lower body
- use long strokes from distal to proximal to assist with circulation (promotes venous return).
- keep resident covered
- perineal care is last
8
Q
SCHEDULE OF CARE
A
- early morning care: comfort measures and prep for day; brush teeth, wash face, etc.
- morning care: after breakfast; morning hygiene and grooming
- afternoon care; after tests, after lunch, and before visitors
- hour of sleep care: comfort measures and bedtime activities
9
Q
HOW TO GIVE BACKRUBS
A
- warm lotion in your hands
- position prone or side-lying
- expose only the back, shoulders, upper arms. - cover remainder of body
- start in the sacral area, moving up the back
- massage in a circular motion over the scapula.
- move upward to shoulders, massage over the scapula
- continue in one smooth stroke to upper arms and laterally along side of back down to iliac crests.
- end by telling your patient that you are finished
10
Q
ORAL ASSESSMENT/BRUSHING TECHNIQUE
A
- assessment of tongue and mucous membrane condition
- report signs of thrush: white, patchy spots on tongue
- gentle brushing at 45 degrees
- side lying position for unconscious person
- suction available for dysphagia or unconscious patients
- swabs alone not adequate for long term oral care
11
Q
SKIN ASSESSMENT/HYGIENE
A
- subjective: issues, itching or pain
- objective:
high risk skin areas, skin folds: dark, moist, areas harbor bacteria - pannus: large, skin hanging over belly
pull area up and wash and dry it well - can put wash clothes between folds and it can help to dry area and keep skin apart
- drug rashes
12
Q
PERINEAL CARE
A
- females: cleanse labia majora then labia minora; wipe from pubis to anal area (front to back)
- males: uncircumcised: retract foreskin and cleanse glans penis, replace foreskin after cleansing (phimosis); wash and dry scrotum
13
Q
PATIENTS WHO MAY NEED ASSISTANCE WITH PERINEAL CARE
A
- vaginal or urethral discharge
- skin irritation
- catheter
- surgical dressings
- incontinent of urine or feces
14
Q
CATHETER CARE
A
- if catheter in place, clean around catheter in circular fashion, using clean surface of wash cloth for each swipe.
- carefully secure, clean from meatus
- start at the urethra opening and clean outward.
- for male pt be sure to replace foreskin after cleansing
15
Q
NAIL/FOOT CARE
A
- nail care: warm water soaks, push back cuticles, filing, no nail cutting
- assess lesions, abnormal color, presence of paronychia (skin infection around nails)
- foot care: warm water soaks, gently rub callused areas
- assess presence of lesions, moles, infection, heels
