NUR 118 - Lecture 8 - Support

Question 1

List 4 Factors that affect oxygenation

Answer 1

Anything that affects ventilation, can affect oxygenation
Lung elasticity/Compliance - Airway Resistance
Chronic Illness: COPD, Pneumonia, asthma

Issues w/ gas exchange: anemia, circulation impairment, Age, lifestyle, environment

Hypoxemia, Hypoxia, Hypercarbia, Hypocarbia

Question 2

Describe Pursed-Lip and Belly Breathing, What are their purposes?

Answer 2

Pursed Lip Breathing:
- Improves ventilation
- Releases trapped air in the lungs
- Keeps airways open longer, decreases work of breathing
-Prolongs exhalation to slow breathing rate
-Improves breathing patterns by moving old air out of lungs
- General relaxation

Question 3

A patient is short of breath and or has copious secretions. State 3-4 Priority Nursing Interventions to promote oxygenation

Answer 3

HOB up = High Fowler’s

DB&C / Diaphragmatic
Pursed Lip Breathing
Increase fluid

Question 4

Describe Early and Late signs of hypoxia.

Cause of Hypoxia?

Answer 4

RAT BED
Early:
-Restlessness
-Anxiety
-Tachycardia/Tachypnea
-Confusion
Late:
-Bradycardia
-Extreme Restlessness
-Dyspnea

Cause:
Either hypoxemia, or circulatory disorders

Question 5

Describe the following breathing patterns:

Eupnea
Tachypnea
Bradypnea
Kussmaul Respirations
Biot’s Respirations
Cheyne-Stokes Respirations
Apnea

Answer 5

Eupnea: Normal breathing pattern; 12-20 r/min
Tachypnea: Fast, shallow breathing; >24 r/min
Bradypnea: Slow respiration; <10 r/min;

Kussmaul Respirations: Regular, but increased in rate and abnormally deep respirations

Cheyne-Stokes Respirations: Gradual increase in depth of respirations, followed by gradual decrease in depth, then period of apnea

Biot’s Respirations: Irregular, variable depth (usually shallow), alternating with periods of apnea

Apnea: Absence of breathing

Question 6

What are tests to evaluate the respiratory system?

Answer 6

Chest X Ray
Arterial Blood Gas
Sputum C & S

NOT EKG

Question 7

Your patient is found supine, they are experiencing dyspnea, what do you do? (SATA)

Answer 7

Place patient in high fowlers
Check Pulse Oxy
Assess respiratory status
Auscultate lung sounds

Question 8

Which medications interfere with pulmonary function causing decreased respirations (SATA)

Answer 8

opioids
antianxiety
anesthesia
sedative-hypnotics

Question 9

Medications that promote ventilation & oxygenation

Answer 9

bronchodilators
expectorants
antihistamines

Question 10

Which are examples of Lower Airway Infections

Answer 10

Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)
Acute Bronchitis
Tuberculosis (TB)