NUR 118 - Lect. #3 Intro to Pharmacology Flashcards
What are the 4 processes of Pharmacokinetics”
-“ADME”
- Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion
Define Absorption in Pharmacokinetics
Movement of drugs from site of administration into the bloodstream/circulation
Effects of absorption depend on:
- Administration route
- Drug solubility
- Blood supply/circulatory capabilities
Define Distribution in pharmacokinetics
How drugs are transported/delivered through the body
Begins when: the drug enters the circulatory system/bloodstream, until it reaches location
Define metabolism in pharmacokinetics
The chemical breakdown & inactivation of drug
Begins when: drug reaches site of action
What affects metabolism: Liver disease/failure, diabetes
Can result in liver toxicity
Define Excretion in Pharmacokinetics
The removal of drugs from the body
Commonly occurs through: Kidneys; urine, GI Tract; stool
What is the Onset of Action?
Time required for drug concentration to reach effectiveness
Define “Peak” in Pharmacokinetics; when is this level drawn?
Drug concentration is at its highest level in the bloodstream
- 2 hours after the dose is given
Define “Trough” in pharmacokinetics; when is that level drawn?
Drug is at its lowest concentration level, next dose may be due
- 30 minutes before administration
Define “therapeutic level” in pharmacokinetics
The drug causes the desired effect, without toxicity
Define Half-life
The time it takes for half of the drug to be eliminated
Onset of PO (Oral) Medication
1 hour
Define Pharmacokinetics
The movement of drugs in the body
Onset of IM (Intra-muscular) Medication
30 minutes
Onset of IV (Intravenous) medication
15 minutes
What affects pharmacokinetics?
AGE
SEX -
BODY MASS – Affects how much you need
ROUTE & TIMING OF ADMINISTRATION
PREGNANCY
ENVIRONMENT
ROUTE & TIMING OF ADMINISTRATION
FLUIDS
PATHOLOGICAL STATE
GENETICS
PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS
