Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MBBS 1: Musculoskeletal Anatomy > Nucleus, Chromatin, Nucleolus > Flashcards

Nucleus, Chromatin, Nucleolus Flashcards

1
Q

What are the major regions of the cell?

A

cytoplasm + nucleus = protoplasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the functions of the nucleus?

A
  1. stores genetic information of the cell
  2. where DNA is transcribed
  3. where chromosomes are localized
  4. where chromosomes are replicated
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the structural components of the nucleus?

A

nuclear envelope, nuclear pores, nucleoplasm, nucleolus, chromatin, nuclear skeleton

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What lines the inner nuclear membrane?

A

nuclear lamina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the function of the nuclear lamina?

A
  1. stabilize nuclear envelope
  2. support chromatin - acts as an attachment site for chromatin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the structure of the nuclear envelope?

A

outer membrane and inner membrane with perinuclear space between them

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the outer membrane and perinuclear space of the nucleus continuous with?

A

rough endoplasmic reticulum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the function of nuclear pores of nuclear envelope?

A

controls movement of substances into and out of the nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the nuclear pore complex?

A

proteins attached to the nuclear pore + nuclear pore e.g. nucleoporins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is transported out of the nucleus and what is transported in?

A

RNA and ribosomal subunits needed for protein synthesis are transported out and proteins are transported in

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the function of nuclear matrix?

A
  1. keep cell shape
  2. support chromatin fibers
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is responsible for the basophilic characteristic of the nucleus?

A

chromatin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is chromatin?

A

long strand of DNA and associated proteins in an uncoiled state

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the types of chromatin?

A

euchromatin and heterochromatin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is Euchromatin?

A

light, loosely packed, active - light staining material

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is Heterochromatin?

A

dense, tightly packed, inactive - dark staining material

17
Q

What are the 3 locations for heterochromatin?

A
  1. peripheral of the nucleus
  2. karyosomes
  3. near nucleolus
18
Q

What is facultative heterochromatin?

A

chromosome material that can either be heterochromatin or euchromatin e.g. inactive X chromosome

19
Q

What is constitutive heterochromatin?

A

chromosome material that can only be heterochromatin e.g. Y chromosome

20
Q

What are chromosomes?

A

long molecule of DNA and associated proteins that carry hereditary information that has been tightly packed (condensed) and replicated forming 2 sister chromatids that are held together by cohesions

21
Q

What is the structure of chromosomes?

A

two sister chromatids connected at the centromere

22
Q

Types of chromosomes?

A
  1. metacentric - centromere is in the middle
  2. submetacentric - centromere is between middle and end
  3. acrocentric - the centromere is placed close to the end
  4. telocentric - centromere is placed at the end
23
Q

How are these types of chromosomes developed?

A

centromere is placed at different points on the chromosome

24
Q

Describe the shorter arm?

A

is always placed above the centromere - the p arm (petite)

25
Q

Describe the longer arm?

A

is always placed below the centromere - the q arm

26
Q

How are chromosomes characterized?

A
  1. length
  2. position of the centromere
  3. banding pattern
27
Q

Ends of the chromosome are called?

A

telomeres

28
Q

What are nucleosomes?

A

chromatin fundamental unit - strand of DNA wrapped around 8 histones twice

29
Q

What are the 43 chromosomes in a human being?

A

22 pairs of autosomal chromosomes and 1 pair of sex chromosomes

30
Q

What are karyotypes?

A

chromosome pairs sorted according to their morphology

31
Q

What is a Barr body?

A

dense mass of heterochromatin present in females but not males - inactivated X chromosome

32
Q

What can Barr bodies be used to identify?

A

sex of the fetus

33
Q

What is the nucleolus?

A

condensed component of eukaryotic cells - basophilic

34
Q

What makes up the nucleolus network?

A

pars fibrosa + pars granulosa = nucleolonema

35
Q

What are 3 functions of the nucleolus?

A
  1. site for initial ribosomal assembly
  2. RNA synthesis
  3. contains DNA, RNA and proteins

MBBS 1: Musculoskeletal Anatomy (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions