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MBBS 1: Musculoskeletal Anatomy > Introduction to Cells > Flashcards

Introduction to Cells Flashcards

1
Q
A
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2
Q

What are the cell theory principles?

A
  1. all organisms consist of one or more cells 2. cells are the basic unit of structure and function in organisms 3. all cells arise only from preexisting cells - life begets life
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3
Q

Define Cell Theory?

A

all living organisms are made of one or more cells each of which came from a preexisting cell

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4
Q

Name the 2 classes of cells?

A
  1. prokaryotes - mostly unicellular 2. eukaryotes - mostly multicellular
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5
Q

What are prokaryotes?

A

unicellular organisms with no true nucleus

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6
Q

Prokaryote distinct domains?

A
  1. eubacteria 2. archaebacteria
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7
Q

Describe prokaryote cell structure?

A

do not have membrane bound organelles 1. plasma membrane - encloses the cell separating it from the environment and regulates movement of material in and out of the cell 2. cytoplasm - cytosol containing ions, small ions and soluble macromolecules 3. ribosomes - synthesise proteins 4. lack nucleus - have single cellular DNA strand in a region called nucleoid 5. flagella and pili - movement

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8
Q

Structure of prokaryote cell wall?

A

cell wall made of peptidoglycan + outer membrane + protective capsule

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9
Q

When prokaryotes come together they are called?

A

chains or clusters

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10
Q

Describe eubacteria?

A

species that live in the soil or make us ill - familiar from everyday life e.g. streptococcus spp.

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11
Q

Describe archaebacteria?

A

found in extreme environments - hostile to most other cells e.g. concentrated brine, hot volvcanic acid springs e.g. thermococcus spp.

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12
Q

What are eukaryotes?

A

complex cells having genetic material oganized in membrane bound nuclei

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13
Q

Unicellular eukaryotes?

A

protists

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14
Q

Multicellular eukaryotes?

A

fungi, plants, animals

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15
Q

Describe eukaryote cell structure?

A
  1. chromosomes - DNA + associated proteins 2. membrane bound organelles e.g. golgi complex, mitochondria 3. cilia and flagella - movement 4. cytoskeleton components - movement and structure
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16
Q

How do eukaryotes reproduce?

A

sexually - meisosis and fertilization

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17
Q

What are the differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?

A

eukaryotic cells have a nucleus and membrane bound organelles, prokaryotic cells have no nucleus and membrane bound organelles

18
Q

Difference between plant cells and animal cells?

A
  1. plant cells have a cell wall around the cell membrane and animal cells don’t 2. plant cells have large vacuoles and animal cell don’t have any or are small 3. plant cells have plastids and animal cells don’t 4. plant cells don’t have centrioles and animal cells do have centrioles
19
Q

Cells that connect body parts?

A

fibroblasts, erythrocytes

20
Q

Cells that cover and line body organs?

A

epithelial cells

21
Q

Cells that move organs and body parts?

A

skeletal and smooth muscle cells

22
Q

Cells that store nutirnets?

A

lipid droplets

23
Q

Cells that fight disease?

A

macrophage

24
Q

Cells that gather information and controls body functions?

A

nerve cell

25
Q

Cell of reproduction?

A

sperm and egg

26
Q

What is differentiation?

A

the process in which a cell changes from one cell type to another

27
Q

What are the events after fertilization?

A

cleavage

28
Q

What is epithelial tissue derived from?

A

endoderm, ectoderm, mesoderm

29
Q

What is endoderm made of ?

A
30
Q

What is ectoderm made of?

A
31
Q

What is mesoderm made of?

A
32
Q

What is muscle tissue made of?

A
33
Q

What is connective tissue of?

A

slide 8

34
Q

What is the nervous tissue of ?

A

slide 8

35
Q

What is cell differentiation?

A

slide 9

36
Q

How do embryonic cells develop into different cells

A

slide 10

37
Q

How do they work?

A

slide 10

38
Q

What are blastomeres?

A

slide 11

39
Q

What is cell determination?

A

slide 11

40
Q

What are the 2 developmental pathways ?

A

slide 13

41
Q

What does the female parent supply the egg?

A

slide 14

42
Q

What is induction?

A

slide 15

MBBS 1: Musculoskeletal Anatomy (15 decks)

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