Introduction to Cells Flashcards
What are the cell theory principles?
- all organisms consist of one or more cells 2. cells are the basic unit of structure and function in organisms 3. all cells arise only from preexisting cells - life begets life
Define Cell Theory?
all living organisms are made of one or more cells each of which came from a preexisting cell
Name the 2 classes of cells?
- prokaryotes - mostly unicellular 2. eukaryotes - mostly multicellular
What are prokaryotes?
unicellular organisms with no true nucleus
Prokaryote distinct domains?
- eubacteria 2. archaebacteria
Describe prokaryote cell structure?
do not have membrane bound organelles 1. plasma membrane - encloses the cell separating it from the environment and regulates movement of material in and out of the cell 2. cytoplasm - cytosol containing ions, small ions and soluble macromolecules 3. ribosomes - synthesise proteins 4. lack nucleus - have single cellular DNA strand in a region called nucleoid 5. flagella and pili - movement
Structure of prokaryote cell wall?
cell wall made of peptidoglycan + outer membrane + protective capsule
When prokaryotes come together they are called?
chains or clusters
Describe eubacteria?
species that live in the soil or make us ill - familiar from everyday life e.g. streptococcus spp.
Describe archaebacteria?
found in extreme environments - hostile to most other cells e.g. concentrated brine, hot volvcanic acid springs e.g. thermococcus spp.
What are eukaryotes?
complex cells having genetic material oganized in membrane bound nuclei
Unicellular eukaryotes?
protists
Multicellular eukaryotes?
fungi, plants, animals
Describe eukaryote cell structure?
- chromosomes - DNA + associated proteins 2. membrane bound organelles e.g. golgi complex, mitochondria 3. cilia and flagella - movement 4. cytoskeleton components - movement and structure
How do eukaryotes reproduce?
sexually - meisosis and fertilization
What are the differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?
eukaryotic cells have a nucleus and membrane bound organelles, prokaryotic cells have no nucleus and membrane bound organelles
Difference between plant cells and animal cells?
- plant cells have a cell wall around the cell membrane and animal cells don’t 2. plant cells have large vacuoles and animal cell don’t have any or are small 3. plant cells have plastids and animal cells don’t 4. plant cells don’t have centrioles and animal cells do have centrioles
Cells that connect body parts?
fibroblasts, erythrocytes
Cells that cover and line body organs?
epithelial cells
Cells that move organs and body parts?
skeletal and smooth muscle cells
Cells that store nutirnets?
lipid droplets
Cells that fight disease?
macrophage
Cells that gather information and controls body functions?
nerve cell
Cell of reproduction?
sperm and egg
What is differentiation?
the process in which a cell changes from one cell type to another
What are the events after fertilization?
cleavage
What is epithelial tissue derived from?
endoderm, ectoderm, mesoderm
What is endoderm made of ?
What is ectoderm made of?
What is mesoderm made of?
What is muscle tissue made of?
What is connective tissue of?
slide 8
What is the nervous tissue of ?
slide 8
What is cell differentiation?
slide 9
How do embryonic cells develop into different cells
slide 10
How do they work?
slide 10
What are blastomeres?
slide 11
What is cell determination?
slide 11
What are the 2 developmental pathways ?
slide 13
What does the female parent supply the egg?
slide 14
What is induction?
slide 15
