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MBBS 1: Musculoskeletal Anatomy > Connective Tissue 2 > Flashcards

Connective Tissue 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Define connective tissue?

A

tissue that connects, supports, binds or seperates other tissues and organs

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2
Q

Where do connective tissue originate from?

A

embryonic mesenchyme - tissue developing mainly from the mesoderm

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3
Q

Define CT properties that distinguish it from other primary tissues?

A
  1. originates from the mesenchyme 2. different degrees of vascularity/blood flow 3. mostly composed of non-living material
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4
Q

CT consists of?

A

cells + extracellular matrix

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5
Q

Extracellular matrix consists of?

A

protein fibres + ground substance

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6
Q

What is ground substance?

A

a complex of anionic, hydrophilic proteoglycans, GAGs, Multi-adhesive glycoproteins

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7
Q

Name cells of the CT?

A
  1. fibroblasts + fibrocytes 2. adipocytes 3. macrophages 4. mast cells 5. plasma cells 6. other leukocytes
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8
Q

Describe structure and function of fibroblasts + fibrocytes?

A
  1. most common cell type in CT with mesenchymal origin 2. produce and maintain most of the extracellular components
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9
Q

Describe structure and function of adipocytes?

A
  1. mesenchymal origin 2. specialized for cytoplasmic storage of lipids
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10
Q

Describe structure and function of macrophages?

A
  1. bone marrow derived - part of mononuclear phagocyte system 2. phagocytosis of extracellular matrix components and debris
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11
Q

Describe structure and function of mast cells?

A
  1. contain secretory granules 2. release of many bioactive substances e.g. histamine
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12
Q

Describe structure and function of plasma cells?

A
  1. B-lymphocyte derived 2. synthesis of antibodies
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13
Q

Describe structure and function of other leukocytes?

A

form a population of wandering cells in CT

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14
Q

Name the fibres of CT?

A
  1. collagen 2. reticular 3. elastic
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15
Q

Describe collagen fibres?

A
  1. made of collagen 2. key element of all CT + epithelial basement membranes + external laminae of muscle and nerve cells 2. is strong and resistant to normal shearing + tearing forces
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16
Q

Describe reticular fibres?

A
  1. made mainly of collagen III 2. forms extensive network of thin fibres that support most cells e.g. reticular lamina of basement membrane
17
Q

Describe elastic fibres?

A
  1. made of elastin 2. allows tissues to be stretched or distended and return to their original shape
18
Q

What is ground substance?

A

highly hydrated transparent complex mixture of glycosaminoglycans + proteoglycans + multi adhesive glycoproteins

19
Q

3 classes of macromolecules in ground substance?

A

glycosmaminoglycans + proteoglycans + glycoproteins

20
Q

Function of ground substance?

A

fills the space between cells and fibers in connective tissue acting as a lubricant and a barrier to the penetration of invaders because of its viscous state

21
Q

What are the types of CT?

A
  1. connective tissue proper 2. embryonic connective tissue 3. specialized connective tissue
22
Q

How is CT proper classified?

A

amount of collagen fibres present

23
Q

What are the types of CT proper?

A
  1. loose or areolar CT 2. dense irregular CT 3. dense regular CT
24
Q

Describe loose/areolar CT?

A
  1. structure: well vascularized + consists of thin and looslely arranged collagen and elastic fibres + has abundant cells of various types and abundant ground substance 2. function: Support microvasculature, nerves, and immune defense cells 3. location: lamina propria, mesentry, subcutaneous tissue, omentum
25
Q

Describe irregular CT?

A
  1. structure: few cells (typically fibroblasts) + little ground substance + abundant collagen fibres interweaving in various directions 2. function: protects and supports organs - resists tearing 3. location: found in regions under considerable mechanical stress + where protection is given to ensheathed organs e.g. dermis, submucosa of GIT, organ capsules (testes, periosteum + perichondrium)
26
Q

Describe dense regular CT?

A
  1. structure: closely packed collagen bundles arranged according to a definite pattern + little ground substance + few fribroblasts that are aligned in parallel to fibres 2. Adapted to resist prolonged or repeated stresses exerted in the one direction + Provide strong connections within musculoskeletal system; strong resistance to force 3. location: ligaments, tendons
27
Q

Difference between dense irregular and dense regular CT?

A

dense irregular CT has collagen in various direction and has less collagen and dense regular CT has collagen in a parallel structure and has more collagen

28
Q

Name types of embryonic connective tissue?

A
  1. mesenchyme 2. mucoid CT
29
Q

Name specialized connective tissue?

A
  1. reticular CT 2. adipose CT 3. bone, cartilage and blood
30
Q

Name specialized tissues?

A
  1. elastic 2. reticular 3. mucoid 4. adipose
31
Q

Describe elastic tissue?

A

specialized dense CT formed by elastic fibres - appears yellow in color

32
Q

Describe reticular tissue?

A

loose CT made up of reticular fibres - forms supporting networks for cells

33
Q

Describe mucoid tissue?

A

has abundant jelly-like ground substance rich in hyaluronan, sparse fibroblasts & collagen - embryonic type of CT found mainly in umbilical cord & fetal organs

34
Q

Describe adipose tissue?

A

aggregation of fat cells - found subcutaneously in most parts of the body

35
Q

What are the functions of CT?

A
  1. holds together structures e.g. skin, muscles, blood vessels 2. forms a framework that supports the cellular elements of organs e.g. spleen 3. provides a tight covering for deeper structures + maintains shape 4. store of nutrition - adipose tissue 5. helps the body fight against invading foreign substance - cells of the immune system 6. laying down collagen fibres for wound repair + regenration - fibroblasts

MBBS 1: Musculoskeletal Anatomy (15 decks)

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