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PYB > NUCLEUS > Flashcards

NUCLEUS Flashcards

1
Q

the largest organelle , It is usually spheroid to elliptical in shape , and typically about 5 μ in diameter .

A

the nucleus

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2
Q

Most cells have a single nucleus, but there are exceptions

A

a nuclear / multinuclear

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3
Q

no nucleus

A

a nuclear

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4
Q

several nucleus

A

multinuclear

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5
Q

It contains the chromosomes inside it and is responsible for the transmission of genetic traits and controls cell division and cellular functions and activities , Inside the nucleus is a small body known as the nucleus , The nucleus is surrounded by a membrane with small nuclear holes that act as a means of transport and exchange from the nucleus between the cytoplasm .

A

the nucleus

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6
Q

Nuclear envelope , Nucleolus , Nucleoplasm

, Chromosomes

A

contents of the nucleus

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7
Q

It consists of two layers of membranes surrounding the contents of the cell , It has holes that allow specific molecules to pass outside the nucleus .

A

nuclear envelope

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8
Q

It is a dark and dense region that forms RNA
A place to manufacture (ribosomal RNA (rRNA)).
It fades upon cell division

A

nucleus

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9
Q

It is the substance or liquid inside the nucleus

A

nucleoplasm

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10
Q

They are convoluted bodies which are condensed chromatin , It contains the genetic material that is transferred from parents to children during reproduction

A

chromosomes

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11
Q

DNA , Gene or allele , Chromatin , Chromosome

A

they are the genetic materials

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12
Q

consist of a nucleotide replicate

A

nucleic acids

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13
Q

ribose sugar , nitrogenous bases , phosphate group

A

contents of the nucleotide

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14
Q

When nucleotide is bound together in chains it is known as

A

polynucleotide

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15
Q

Ribose sugar plus nitrogen base equal to

A

nucleoside

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16
Q

A nitrogenous base consisting of two rings

A

purines

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17
Q

A single-ring nitrogen base

A

Pyrimidines

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18
Q

deoxy ribonucleic acids

A

DNA

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19
Q

ribonucleic acids

A

RNA

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20
Q

in nucleus can leave

A

DNA

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21
Q

leave the nucleus , its function at cytoplasm

A

RNA

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22
Q

have two double helix nucleotide chains

A

DNA

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23
Q

one nucleotide chains

A

RNA

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24
Q

A.T.C.G. nitrogenous bases

A

DNA

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25
Q

A.U.C.G. nitrogenous bases

A

RNA

26
Q

Deoxyribose sugar

A

DNA

27
Q

Ribose sugar

A

RNA

28
Q

Codes for synthesis of RNA and proteins

A

function of DNA

29
Q

Carries out instructions in DNA, assembles proteins

A

function of RNA

30
Q

one type only

A

DNA

31
Q

have three types

A

RNA

32
Q

mRNA , tRNA , rRNA

A

types of RNA

33
Q

Polynucleotide strands are found in the nucleus and mitochondria, which have a Thymine base

A

DNA

34
Q

have a complementary and antiparallel

A

DNA

35
Q

Nitrogenous bases are bound together by hydrogen bonds , which links nucleotide are phosphatic links

A

complementary of DNA

36
Q

Means that each thread is in the opposite direction

A

antiparallel

37
Q

Is the bond between the phosphate of one nucleotide 5’ and the hydroxyl group of the next nucleotide 3’

A

Phosphodiester Bond

38
Q

It is a single strand of polynucleotide found in the nucleus and cytoplasm having a base of Uracil instead of Thymine.

A

RNA

39
Q

Transferring the genetic code, storing the genetic information and passing it on from one generation to another, and gives the code to be translated into a protein in the cell by mRNA.

A

DNA function

40
Q

Storage and transmission of genetic information , Stimulus , The rRNA syntax , Protein synthesis .

A

the function of the RNA

41
Q

It carries messages in ‘codon’ form . to manufacture protein

A

m RNA

42
Q

AUG

A

its the start codon

43
Q

UAA,UAG, UGA

A

they are the terminal codon

44
Q

3 nucleotides

A

codon , anticodon

45
Q

Holds the code ‘anticodon’

A

t RNA

46
Q

part of the ribosome structure and it has a role in protein synthesis

A

r RNA

47
Q

It is the genetic material during cell division and DNA folds and condenses in the form of a chromosome, and the length of one DNA molecule reaches about 2 meters and the diameter of the nucleus does not exceed 10 microns, so it takes a space inside the nucleus and wraps more than 16 thousand times (super coiled) .

A

chromosome structure and nature

48
Q

Each chromosome has a region associated with the spindle, at the centromere cell division
Each chromosome consists of 2 chromatids when dividing two lengths in the Centromere region
Each Chromatid has two Telomere arms
The first is short over the Centromere called p arm
The other is long below the Centromere called q arm

A

chromosome structure and nature

49
Q

Acrocentric ‘Terminal’ , Submetacentric ‘Near medial’ , Metacentric ‘medial’ , Telocentric ‘final’ .

A

terms according to length and position of centromeres

50
Q

similar pairs of chromosomes

A

homologues chromosomes

51
Q

there is two types of chromosomes

A

sex chromosomes , autosomal chromosomes

52
Q

XX sexual chromosomes

A

females sexual chromosomes

53
Q

XY sexual chromosomes

A

males sexual chromosomes

54
Q

Shape and number of chromosomes in eukaryotic cells are different depending on the type

A

karyotype

55
Q

It is the genetic material outside the cell division, that is, in the interphase, which is a complex structure of protein and DNA that is not coiled without condensation

A

chromatin

56
Q

euchromatin and heterochromatin

A

they are types of chromatin

57
Q

the active part (copies and synthesizes protein)

A

euchromatin

58
Q

the inactive part is usually dense ( neither used nor copied, found in (Telomere - Centromere) area . )

A

heterochromatin

59
Q

The DNA strand binds to both histone and non-histone proteins , Nucleosome = DNA + Histone proteins , Histone proteins work by tightly regulating and wrapping DNA and converting it from chromatin filaments to chromosomes inside the nucleus of real cells , Non-histone proteins regulate gene activity and support their synthesis

A

DNA binding to proteins

60
Q

Nucleosome = DNA + Histone proteins , Histone proteins act on bundles of eukaryotic genetic material and are in the form of Histone octamer. These octets consist of H3, H4, H2B, H2A except for H1

A

Nucleosome

61
Q

DNA is the complete combination of

A

genome

62
Q

it is part of the DNA in the chromosome In eukaryotes
It has a special place on the chromosome
The place assigned to it is called locus
Each gene has its own code, which is a special sequence of amino acids that is transcribed by rRNA, tRNA, and mRNA.

A

gene

PYB (13 decks)

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