CYTOPLASM COMPONENTS Flashcards
a gel-like matrix consists of water , enzymes , nutrients , wastes , gases , and contain cell structure organelles .
cytoplasm
a fluid that surrounds the organelles
cytosol
most of the metabolic reactions occur in
occur in the cytoplasm
an organelles that are surrounded by one layer of membranous
Peroxisomes, Golgi Complex, Lysosomes, Endoplasmic Reticulum
an organelles that are surrounded by two layer of membranous
Nucleus, Mitochondria
Organelles that are not surrounded by membranes
Ribosomes, Cytoskeleton, Centrioles
Specialized for synthesizing ATP
mitochondria
the power house
mitochondria
They are diverse in size, number, and shape; some are rod- like, and others are more or less spherical.
mitochondria
usually has folds called cristae
inner membrane
The space between the cristae, is called the matrix, contains ribosomes, enzymes used in ATP synthesis, and a small, circular DNA molecule called mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA).
The space between the cristae
It is a network within the cytoplasm, which is a system of interconnected channels called cisternae by a unit membrane. functioning as routes for transport of proteins within the cell
endoplasmic reticulum
has a network of tubules ( cisternae ) , are not attached with the ribosomes , the enzymes carry out the detoxification , store the intracellular “ Ca2+” ,and release it , involved in the synthesis of lipids and Steroid hormones .
SER , smooth endoplasmic reticulum
has network of tubules , attached with ribosomes , The proteins synthesized on the external surface , stored , and exported from the cell , makes the lysosomes ,
RER , rough endoplasmic reticulum
they are may be covered on their outer surfaces by ribosomes
Membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum
Synthesizes proteins that are either packaged in other organelles such as lysosomes or secreted from the cell
rough endoplasmic reticulum
the collection, packaging, and distribution of molecules synthesized at one location and used at another within the cell or even outside of it ,
GOLGI
Proteins and lipids manufactured on the rough and smooth ER membranes are transported into the —— apparatus and modified as they pass through it , addition of the carbohydrates .
GOLGI
They are found in the form of sheets stacked on top of each other and it has a secretory function
GOLGI
Spherical bodies whose function is to secrete digestive enzymes, at least 50 enzymes
lysosomes
digestive enzymes found in the cell
hydrolytic enzymes or lysosomal enzymes
It digests and breaks down proteins, nucleic acids, complex carbohydrates, phospholipids, and other materials
hydrolytic enzymes or lysosomal enzymes
the function of the intercellular digestion , autophagy , autolysis .
hydrolytic enzymes or lysosomal enzymes
hydrolytic enzymes or lysosomal enzymes
autophagy of the hydrolytic enzymes or lysosomal enzymes
the digestion of surplus cells by their own lysosomal enzymes
Autolysis of the hydrolytic enzymes or lysosomal enzymes
They are similar to lysosomes but contain different enzymes , Contain oxidative enzymes , Fatty acids are broken down by special enzymes ( beta enzymes ) , working on detoxification alcohols and drugs , so its located in the liver , It contains enzymes called break down the organic compounds .
peroxisomes
consisting of two units a large one and a small one , they are formed in the nucleus and it passes through the holes into the cytosol , are involved in the formation of ribosomal RNA and protein , it can read the genetic codes on the messenger RNA , to bring the amino acids witch are involved in the formation of proteins
ribosomes
It has a barrel shape and is found in most animal cells in pairs and has the ability to double their number , consisting of nine microtubules , Play a role in cell division , Originate the spindle fibers ,
centrosome
