Nucleotides + Nuclei Acids

Question 1

Nucleotides

Answer 1

DNA aNd RNA are polymers that are made up of from several nucleotides

Each nucleotide has a :
Nitrogenous base
Pentose Sugar
Phosphate group

Question 2

DNA

Answer 2

The components of DNA include a deoxyribose sugar with a. 2’ hydrogen position

A phosphate group

Double helix, which is a three dimensional shape , twisting of the molecule

4 nitrogenous bases : A C T G

Question 3

RNA

Answer 3

A ribose sugar with a hydroxyl at a 2’ position
A phosphate group
4 bases: U A C G

Different from dna as dna has a oh at 2’ position

The hydroxyl in rna makes it more susceptible for hydrolysis

Question 4

Purines and pyramidines

Answer 4

Two structural formats

Adenine + Guanine = purines which means rhat they have a double ring structure

While uracil, thymine and cytosine = pyramidines which means that they have a single ring structure

Question 5

DNA compared to RNA

Answer 5

Dna:
Deoxyribose sugar
Based = A T C G
Double stranded helix

RNA:
Ribose
bases= U A C G
single strand

Question 6

Phosphodiester bonds

Answer 6

Condensation between two nucleotides forms a phosphodiester bond
PhosphoDI(ester) = contains two ester bonds + phosphate group

Synthesis of polynucleotides requires formation of phosphodiester bonds

Breakage of polynucleotides requires breakage of phosphodiesyer bonds

Question 7

Energy

Answer 7

All organisms require energy for
Anabolic reactions = larger molecules being formed from smaller molecules

Moving substances across the cell or membrane

In animals its required for muscle contraction

ATP used to transfer energy thats why its named as an energy currency

Question 8

ATP

Answer 8

Type of nucleic acid that is an energy carrying molecule
Adenosine can be combined with diff phosphates:
Adenosine monophosphate AMP
Adenosine disphosphate. ADP
Adenosine triphosphate. ATP

Question 9

DNA STRUCTURE

Answer 9

Made up of two polynucletides that are lying side by side opposite to each other = antiparralell

Alternating deoxyribose sugars that are bonded together to form a sugar phosphate backbone

These bonds are called phosphodiester bonds

Phosphodiester bond links the 5 carbon to another molecule of another phosphate group that also contains a phosphodiester bond attached to its 3 carbon

Question 10

DNA hydrogen bonding

Answer 10

DNA held together by hydrogen bonding between its bases

Hydrogen pairing always happens between the same bases, this is called complementary bases