Nucleic Acids 4 Key Words

Question 1

RNA polymerase

Answer 1

Enzyme that catalyses formation of phosphodiester bonds between adjacent RNA nucleotides

Question 2

mRNA

Answer 2

Short strand of RNA produced by transcription from DNA template strand. Complementary base sequence to DNA which it is transcribed from, with uracil instead of thymine

Question 3

Translation

Answer 3

Process of decoding mRNA complementary code using tRNA into amino acids at a ribosome

Question 4

rRNA

Answer 4

RNA form which is part of ribosomes

Question 5

tRNA

Answer 5

RNA form carries anticodon-specific amino acid to correct mRNA position in translation

Question 6

Polypeptide

Answer 6

Chain of >3 amino acids

Question 7

Peptide bond

Answer 7

Formed between two amino acids

Question 8

Peptidyl transferase

Answer 8

Enzyme catalyses formation of peptide bond between amino acids

Question 9

Introns

Answer 9

Nucleotide sequences in DNA/RNA, non-coding for proteins. Removed by splicing in nucleus before leaving for translation

Question 10

ATP (Adenosine triphosphate)

Answer 10

Nucleotide derivative with nitrogenous base adenine, ribose pentose sugar & 3 phosphate groups

Question 11

Phosphorylation

Answer 11

Process of attaching a phosphate group to ADP. ATP formed, water released