2.3 Biological Molecules (Spec) Flashcards
Biochemical molecules
Carbon Nitrogen Hydrogen Oxygen Sulfur Sodium Potassium Iron
Ca2+ function
Nerve impulse transmission, muscle contraction
Glycosidic bond formation/breakage
Monosaccharide -> Disaccharide/Polysaccharide
Condensation reaction
Polysaccharide/Disaccharide -> Monosaccharide
Hydrolysis reaction
Hydrogen bond formation (Water)
Affinity to shared pair of electrons in covalent bond
Oxygen > Hydrogen
Partial positive on oxygen, partial negative on hydrogen
Electrostatic attraction between lone pair on O and partial positive on H of different molecules
High boiling point function in water
Coolant - Narrow temperature range of enzyme activity
Density function
Ice < Water
Insulating layer for lakes/ponds
Creation of semi-aquatic habitat
Na+ function
Nerve impulse transmission, kidney function
K+ function
Nerve impulse transmission, stomatal opening
H+ function
Catalysis, pH determination
NH4+ function
Bacterial NO3- production
NO3- function
Plant amino acid & protein formation (N)
HCO3- function
Blood pH maintenance
Cl- function
Cell pH maintenance (Na+/K+)
(PO4)3- function
Bone, cell membrane, nucleic acid & ATP formation
OH- function
Catalysis, pH determination
Cohesion function in water
Transport medium
Adhesion function in water
Capillary action
Polarity function in water
Universal solvent