Nucleic Acids Flashcards
Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) does what?
Codes for proteins / which proteins to make
Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) does what?
Makes the proteins
How does DNA work for different cells with different purposes?
All cells have the same DNA, but they just use different parts of the DNA turning certain things off to fulfill each different purpose.
What bonds occur in Nucleic Acids?
Phosphodiester Bonds & Hydrogen Bonds
What is the monomer for nucleic acids?
Nucleotides
What do nucleotides contain?
Phosphate, Sugar, and a Nitrogen Containing Base.
In a nucleotide to tell if it’s RNA what do you need to identify?
If on the sugar there is an extra hydroxyl it is an RNA nucleotide
What are the DNA nitrogenous bases?
Adenine = Thymine
Cytosine = Guanine
What are the RNA nitrogenous bases?
Adenine = uracil
Cytosine = Guanine
What is rRNA?
Ribosomal RNA : makes up ribosomes, does protein synthesis.
What is tRNA?
Transfer RNA : Transfers Amino Acids
What is mRNA?
Messenger RNA: Codes for amino acids
What bonds to Codons?
Anticodons
Properties of DNA :
DNA is a polymer
DNA has a double helix
What does the backbone/helix of DNA consist of?
Sugar and Phosphate
How can you tell if something is a nucleotide?
Nitrogen containing base, phosphate, and sugar
What are the identifying atoms/combination of atoms?
C6/H12/O6, Nitrogen, phosphorus (CHOPN)
What are the monomers used to form?
DNA and RNA
Where does nucleotide bonding occur and how?
Between sugar of one nucleotide and the phosphate of another } Phosphodiester bond
Where do you find RNA and DNA
In any cell
How many rings to Pyrimidines have?
1 RING
How many rings do Purines have?
2 RINGS
In DNA how many hydroxyls are there total?
3 hydroxyls (one less than RNA)
What is ATP?
Energy : An RNA nucleotide with 2 additional phosphates.
5’ end of DNA
Always has phosphate
3’ end of DNA
Always has hydrogen
antiparallel
One side has to flip upside down in order for the hydrogen bonds to be formed between the bases
