nucleic acids

Question 1

DNA

Answer 1

deoxyribonucleic acid, double stranded, in nucleaus of eukaryoti cells, nucleoid region of the cytoplasm of prokaryotic cells, double strands held together by hydrogen bonds

sugar: deoxyribose

stores genetic information

Question 2

RNA

Answer 2

ribonucleic acid, single stranded, in nucleus and cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells, cytoplasm of prokaryotic cells

sugar: ribose

mRNA: messenger RNA
tRNA: transfer RNA
rRna: ribosomal RNA

store, transfer and express genetic information

Question 3

Nucleic acid structure

Answer 3

monomers called nucleotides A U/T, C G

made of phosphate, sugar and base (ATCG)

Question 4

transcription

Answer 4

information in DNA used to make an RNA molecule (not always mRNA). Uses template DNA strand and makes a complimentary RNA.

RNA polymerase attaches to DNA, enzyme adds RNA nucleotides to make a complimentary RNA strand

many trasncribed at same time in deifferent section of the DNA strands, different genes

In prokaryotic cells, takes place in cytoplasm

Question 5

translation

Answer 5

information in mRNA used to make a protein

movement of mRNA into cytoplasm via nuclear pore, then synthesis of protein with amino acids

one mRNA can de traslated multiple times at the same time to make polypeptides (polyribosomes)

Question 6

gene section

Answer 6

part that is read and used to make an RNA

Question 7

release factor

Answer 7

Protein that binds to the stop codon and forces the tRNA to detache and end the traslation, promotes the breaking of the bond between tRNA and completed polypeptide

Question 8

mRNA

Answer 8

determines the amino acid seqeucne of a protein

Question 9

tRNA

Answer 9

polynucleotide containing anti-condon that binds to the condons and part that binds to the amino acids

Question 10

ribosomes

Answer 10

structure containing binding sites for mRNA and tRNA and contains rRNA that forms peptide bonds between amino acids, made of 2 subunits, not considered an organell beceause its very usntable. ALL proteins are made on the ribosome
p site: site where tRNA binds to codon of mRNA

Question 11

codon

Answer 11

sequence of 3 mRNA nucleotides that correspond to stop, or amino acid seqeunce
1 codon is 1 amino acid

Question 12

nucleotides after usage

Answer 12

broken down and seperated in cytoplasm, then enters through nuclear pore and nucleotides reused

Question 13

rRNA

Answer 13

catalyzer, catalyzes dehydration synthesis reacton in peptide bond

Question 14

amino acids

Answer 14

nonessential and essential amino acids exist, both equally important

Question 15

differential gene expression

Answer 15

although all cells have same DNA, environment will influence with genes will be expressed, changing the structure of cells, and changing their function

Question 16

Genetic code

Answer 16

U=a
G=c

Almost universal