Nucleic Acids

Question 1

What is DNA

Answer 1

A nucleic acid

Question 2

What are nucleic acids

Answer 2

Chains of repating monomers called nucleotides

Question 3

How do Nucleotides form a nucleic acid polymer

Answer 3

by a condensation reaction called polymerisation

Question 4

What are the two types of nucleic acids in living organisms

Answer 4

DNA - (deoxyribonucleic acid)
RNA (ribonucleic acids)

Question 5

What are the three components of a nucleotide

Answer 5

• A phosphate
• A sugar
• A base

Question 6

What is a pentose sugar

Answer 6

a simple sugar made up of five carbon atoms

Question 7

What is a base

Answer 7

a molecule that contains nitrogen and acts as a base

Question 8

What is a phosphate

Answer 8

a functional group made up of phosphorus and oxygen

Question 9

How do nucleotide units link together

Answer 9

covalent bond

Question 10

Name the five bases

Answer 10

Cytosine
Guanine
Adenine
Thymine
Uracil

Question 11

What are the two types of bases

Answer 11

Purines (two rings in their structure)
Pyrimidines (one ring in their structure )

Question 12

What bases are example of Pyrimidines

Answer 12

Thymine
Cytosine
Uracil

Question 13

What bases are examples of Purines

Answer 13

Adenine
Guanine

Question 14

what does the sequences of bases form

Answer 14

genetic code

Question 15

What is the pentose sugar in DNA and RNA called

Answer 15

deoxyribose
ribose

Question 16

How are the two strands linked in DNA

Answer 16

by complementary base pairing

Question 17

Why is base pairing important

Answer 17

to stabilise the double helix structure

Question 18

What bond is held between the two strands

Answer 18

hydrogen

Question 19

What bonds bond the bases

Answer 19

hydrogen

Question 20

Explain gene expressions

Answer 20

the process by which the genetic code in the DNA is translated into a protein

Question 21

What does DNA stand for

Answer 21

deoxyribonucleic acid

Question 22

What are nucleotides

Answer 22

building blocks of nucleus acid

Question 23

viruses are not

Answer 23

living organisms

Question 24

What are nucleotides made up of

Answer 24

pentose sugar (pentagon ) , phosphate (circle) and base (rectangle)

Question 25

What is the pentose sugar molecule called in RNa

Answer 25

ribose

Question 26

What is connected in the pentagon

Answer 26

4 carbons 1 oxygen on top

Question 27

What is the chemical symbol for a phosphate

Answer 27

PO4 3-

Question 28

What is the backbone of DNA mad RNa

Answer 28

repeating phosphate and sugar bonds

Question 29

What is the order of bases

Answer 29

the genetic code

Question 30

The two strands of the DNA molecule are always

Answer 30

parallel in opposite directions

Question 31

What bonds connect the bases

Answer 31

hydrogen

Question 32

What is the difference between strands of Rna And Dna

Answer 32

DNA has two strands RNA has one strand

Question 33

What bases does RNA have

Answer 33

Adenine Cytosine Guanine Uracil

Question 34

What is RNA

Answer 34

A nucleic acid polymer formed by the condensation of nucleotide monomers

Question 35

How many bonds does Adenine pair with Thymine

Answer 35

two hydrogen bonds

Question 36

How many bonds does Guanine pair with Cytosine

Answer 36

three hydrogen bonds

Question 37

benefits of dna

Answer 37

high base sequence diversity limits storage capacity

Question 38

What type of bond is formed between a pentose sugar and phosphate

Answer 38

covalent

Question 39

Identity a similarity between DNA and RNA

Answer 39

covalent bonds between adjacent nucleotides

Question 40

What is the process in which the genetic code is translated into a protein

Answer 40

gene expression

Question 41

What does dna replication and gene expression have in common

Answer 41

complementary base pairing

Question 42

ATP is a type of nucleotide distinguish between ATP and DNA

Answer 42

ATP contains 3 phosphate groups , DNA only one ATP only has adenine for a base whereas DNA can contain A, T,C and G ATP has ribose DNA has deoxyribose ATP stores energy DNA transmits genetic information ATP found throughout the cell DNA found in nucleus

Question 43

Outline the role of different types of RNA involved in translation

Answer 43

mRNA carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosome Codons on the mRNA specify the positioning of amino acids along the polypeptide chain. Each tRNA molecule has a specific anticodon sequence that is complementary to a codon on the mRNA . Base pairing allows tRNA to bring the corresponding amino acid to the correct position to form the polypeptide. The rRna catalysed the formation of peptide bonds between adjacent amino acids

Question 44

Describe the structure of the DNA double helix

Answer 44

- each strand has a sugar phosphate backbone - four nitrogenous bases - strands are parallel but are in opposite directions - covalent bond between phosphate and sugar - complementary base pairing - A to T C to G

Question 45

One problem if there were two parallel strands and no anti-parallel

Answer 45

no hydrogen bonding (two strands not held together)